Question

Answer this
Question- give the location and the main function of each of the following cell components

1 Ribosome
2 mitochondria
3 Golgi apparatus
4 centrosome
5 endoplasmic reticulum
​

Answer 1

1. Ribosome

Its main function is Protein synthesis.

• Ribosomes are found 'free' in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form rough ER. In a mammalian cell there can be as many as 10 million ribosomes. Several ribosomes can be attached to the same mRNA strand, this structure is called a polysome.

2.Mitochondria

Release of energy form pyruvic acid produced in the cytoplasm in the form of ATP and helps in the Synthesis of respiratory enzymes.

• Mitochondria are found in all body cells, with the exception of a few. There are usually multiple mitochondria found in one cell, depending upon the function of that type of cell. Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of cells along with other organelles of the cell.

3.Golgi apparatus

Synthesis and secretion of enzymes, hormones and etc.

• The Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus.

4 centrosome

is the major microtubule-organizing center in the cell. During interphase the centrosome is responsible for creating a microtubule array and during mitosis it assists in bipolar spindle assembly.

• In animal cells centrioles are located in, and form part of, the centrosome where they are paired structures lying at right angles to one another. In this context they are possibly involved in spindle assembly during mitosis. The centrosome is positioned in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus but often near to it.

5. Endoplasmic reticulum

serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport

• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. All eukaryotic cells contain an ER. In animal cells, the ER usually constitutes more than half of the membranous content of the cell.

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Answer 2

1. Ribosome -

• Ribosomes are the protein synthesisers of the cell.

2. Mitochondria -

• The mitochondrion is called “the powerhouse of the cell.” It is called so because it produces ATP – the cell’s energy currency.

3. Golgi apparatus -

• Golgi bodies are called the cell’s post office as it is involved in the transportation of materials within the cell.

4. Centrosome -

• It helps in the division of the cell.

5. Endoplasmic reticulum-

• The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins.