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Answer:
13.
Answer A. - The difference between the hypocotyl and epicotyl is explained below. The part of the embryonal axis which exists below the cotyledon in a dicot embryo is called the hypocotyl. The part of the embryonal axis which exists above the cotyledon in a dicot embryo is known as the called epicotyl.
Answer B. - Coleoptile refers to a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in grass or cereal while coleorhiza refers to a sheath protecting the root of a germinating grass or cereal grain. ... While coleoptile is a protective sheath, coleorhiza is an undifferentiated sheath.
Answer C. - An integument is an outer covering of the ovule. Testa is an outer covering of the seed. ... The cells of the integument are thin and soft. The cells of the testa are thick and hard.
Answer D. - Perisperm is the nutritive material around the embryo sac seen in some seeds. Whereas, Pericarp is the fleshy part of the plant formed from the wall of the mature ovary. Pericarp forms the pulp of the fruit.
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Answer:
Epicotyl:
1. It is the part of embryonal axis in between plumule and cotyledonary node.
2. In hypogeal germination, epicotyl elongates so that cotyledons remain in the soil.
3. The terminal end of epicotyl is plumule.
Hypocotyl:
1. It is the part of embryonal axis in between cotyledonary node and radicle.
2. In epigeal germination, hypocotyl elongates so that cotyledons come out of soil.
3. The terminal end of hypocotyl is radicle.
b)
Coleoptile
•Protective sheath of monocot seeds surrounds the tip of the shoot.
•Up to a point, it grows up with the plumule.
•Flag leaves present within seep the top of the coleoptile and continue growing
•It has two vascular bundles on each side
•As it lacks chlorophyll, typically it is pale in color. Some of them have anthocyanin pigments imparting purple color
Coleorhiza
•Found in monocot seeds, it is a sheath like structure
•Typically envelops the radicle, connecting the coleoptile to the primary root
•Does not grow to a substantial length hence stops growing once it emerges from the seed, remaining in the soil
c)
Integument
1)Outermost protective covering of the ovule
2)Angiosperms have two integuments while gymnosperms have one integument layer
3)It comprises living cells and is smooth and thin
4)Does not possess sclereids
5)Nucleus found at the micropyle opening to promote the entrance of pollens into ovule for syngamy
6)It is a pre fertilization structure, hence develops into testa once fertilization takes place
Testa
1)Exterior protective covering of the seed
2)Outer integuments emerges into testa and is brown in appearance
3)It is a post-fertilization structure
4)Two layers of testa – exotesta and endotesta, chiefly safeguarding the embryo that is developing
5)Also protects the seed while the seed disperses
6)It consists of sclereids as it is hard and thick
7)As it is impermeable to water it results in seed dormancy at times
d)
perisperm
1)It is the persistent remains of the nucellus (ovule) in the seed.
2)It is usually dry
3)It is a part of seed
4)No significant importance Eg. Black pepper, beet
pericarp
1)It is the wall of fruit formed by the ovarian wall.
2)It maybe fleshy or dry
3)it is a part of fruit
4)Protection, dispersal and nutrition of seed. Eg. Mango