Answers all my questions given below.
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★Why do transmission metals show variable oxidation state ?
★How is acetic acid converted into methylamine ?
★Explain why the valency of inert gases is Zero?
Note : ❌No useless answer and No comments ❌
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SurbhiAmbashta:
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Answers
Answered by
3
★Most of the elements show variable oxidation states. The reason being when transition metals form compounds, the electrons present in ns and (n-1)d orbitals can participate in bonding due to almost similar energies.
★CH3-COOH + SOCl2 → CH3-COCl (acetyl chloride)
CH3-COCl + NaN3 → CH3-CO-N3 (acetyl azide)
CH3-CO-N3 + heat or light → CH3-CO-N (acetylnitrene — an unstable intermediate) → CH3-NCO (methyl isocyanate)
CH3-NCO + H2O→ CH3-NH2 (methylamine) + CO2
There are some alternatives to this process, all going via that acetyl azide and/or acetylnitrene intermediate. What I’ve shown is the Curtius reaction. The Schmidt reaction is acid-catalyzed and has a different mechanism, and occurs via a protonated acyl azide. In the Hofmann reaction, the acylnitrene is made by treating acetamide with bromine under alkaline conditions, giving a CH3-CO-NHBr intermediate.
★Valency is the combining power of an element with other atoms generally with hydrogen atoms. Yes noble gaseshas zero valency because its combining capacity is zero. Their octet is fully filled and it do not need any removal or addition of electron for the competion of octet.
★CH3-COOH + SOCl2 → CH3-COCl (acetyl chloride)
CH3-COCl + NaN3 → CH3-CO-N3 (acetyl azide)
CH3-CO-N3 + heat or light → CH3-CO-N (acetylnitrene — an unstable intermediate) → CH3-NCO (methyl isocyanate)
CH3-NCO + H2O→ CH3-NH2 (methylamine) + CO2
There are some alternatives to this process, all going via that acetyl azide and/or acetylnitrene intermediate. What I’ve shown is the Curtius reaction. The Schmidt reaction is acid-catalyzed and has a different mechanism, and occurs via a protonated acyl azide. In the Hofmann reaction, the acylnitrene is made by treating acetamide with bromine under alkaline conditions, giving a CH3-CO-NHBr intermediate.
★Valency is the combining power of an element with other atoms generally with hydrogen atoms. Yes noble gaseshas zero valency because its combining capacity is zero. Their octet is fully filled and it do not need any removal or addition of electron for the competion of octet.
Answered by
1
1 when transitions metals from compounds the electrons present in ns and {n-1} orbitals can participate in the bonding due to almost similar energies
2 CH3_COOH+SOCL2_CH3+COCL[Acetyl chloride]
CH3 _COCL+NaN3_CH3_CO_N3[Acetyl azide]
CH3_CO_N3+Heat_CH3_CO_N_CH3_NCO [methyl isocyanate]
CH3_NCO+H2O_CH3_NH2+CO2
3 Valency combing power of an element with other atoms generally with hydrogen atoms. noble gases has zero because it's combing capacity is zero
2 CH3_COOH+SOCL2_CH3+COCL[Acetyl chloride]
CH3 _COCL+NaN3_CH3_CO_N3[Acetyl azide]
CH3_CO_N3+Heat_CH3_CO_N_CH3_NCO [methyl isocyanate]
CH3_NCO+H2O_CH3_NH2+CO2
3 Valency combing power of an element with other atoms generally with hydrogen atoms. noble gases has zero because it's combing capacity is zero
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