Question

Answers for Q8 a & Q8 b.....

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Answer 1

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$\longrightarrow$ Energy is lost as it gets transferred from one organism to another. The efficiency of this energy is measured by NPE and TLTE.  Energy decreases as it moves up from one trophic level to another because energy is lost as metabolic heat when the organism of one trophic level consumes the organisms of another trophic level.  Trophic Level Transfer Efficiency (TLTE) measures the amount of energy transferred in each trophic level.  Net Production Efficiency (NPE) measures how effectively the released energy is utilized in each trophic level.

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The flow of matter is:

When an animal consumes food they are basically consuming matter.  This is because matter is found in the form of carbon, nitrogen and other elements. This is how matter flows through the different levels of the ecosystem. Matter flows from the producers to the consumers.  

The flow of energy is:

The flow of energy in the ecosystem mostly happens in the environment as transfer of heat. This is because plants tap energy from the sunlight and when the matter cycles through the ecosystem energy is also transferred.  

The primary energy source is the sun that is on Earth. Autotroph-photosynthesizers absorb the sun's energy and produce organic compounds to be used by heterotrophs. This therefore facilitates flow of energy in the food chain in the ecosystem  

Answer 2

Explanation:

Answer:

Solid State M-2-MeO-CP compounds, where M stands for bivalent metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) and 2-MeO-CP is 2-methoxycinnamylidenepyruvate, were synthesized. ... In both atmospheres (CO2, N2) the thermal decomposition occurs in consecutive steps which are characteristic of each compound.

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