Anti imperialist movement in south America in 5000 words
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During the years after World War II, a phenomenon emerged in several countries of communist Eastern Europe called “anti-Semitism without Jews.” Although the Holocaust had all but annihilated Jewish populations throughout the region, postwar communist regimes exploited lingering anti-Jewish sentiment to divert attention from their failures. Communist leaders would not, of course, refer directly to Jews when they denounced the enemies of socialism. They spoke instead of “cosmopolitan elements,” or used other stock phrases that evoked the notion of Jews as outsiders with suspect loyalties. The fact that few Jews—and no Jewish capitalists—remained in these countries was of little importance. When the leadership encountered difficulties, blaming the Jews remained a tried-and-true means of deflecting public frustrations over the lack of prosperity or freedom. Today, something similar is under way in Latin America, though Jews are not the chosen scapegoat. The pattern in this case could be described as “anti-imperialism without imperialists.”
Like anti-Semitism without Jews, anti-imperialism without imperialists is a tactic employed by governments facing criticism for their economic mismanagement or their disdain for democratic standards. And just as Jews as a community hardly existed in Poland or elsewhere in the Soviet sphere, U.S. imperialism today survives largely as a figment in the minds of some Latin Americans and as an instrument of political manipulation in the hands of a few cynical leaders.
In hemispheric politics, anti-imperialism and anti-Americanism are interchangeable. And the figure who most frequently leans on anti-Americanism in his political vocabulary is Hugo Chávez, Venezuela’s strongman president. Central to his message is the proposition that the United States is bent on preventing Venezuela, and indeed all of Latin America, from attaining sovereignty and economic success.
Thus this past June, after Paraguay’s expulsion from the South American trade bloc Mercosur enabled Venezuela to gain membership in the body, Chávez spoke of a “defeat for imperialism and its bourgeois lackeys.” He went on to accuse the “Empire” of “trying to impede South America’s transformation into a true superpower.”
When the United States imposed sanctions on Venezuela’s state oil company, PDVSA, for its dealings with Iran, Chávez complained of an “act of Yankee imperialist aggression.” Likewise, his government’s national plan for 2013 through 2019 is crammed full of anti-American language, though the United States itself is never referred to by name. Instead, there are references to “imperialist capitalism,” a foreign policy “free from imperialist domination,” and a system that “does not respond to the dictates of the empire.”
After Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was diagnosed with cancer, Chávez took his conspiracy theories to a new level, speculating that the United States might have found a way to infect South American leaders with deadly diseases.
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