any 5 industries that came into being post independence and their founders
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Answer:
1) Tata: Tatas emerged in the industrial field in the late nineteenth century as one of the three biggest Parsi houses in early cotton manufacturing enterprise, the other two being Wadias and Petits. The capital base for J N Tata’s entry into cotton manufacture was acquired in trade with the Far East. Tatas continued their import-export business with China, Japan and elsewhere on an extensive scale after their entry into manufactures. The import-export business was handed over to a new concern, R D Tata & Sons, with branches in Osaka, Shanghai, Rangoon, Liverpool and New York, and trading in cotton yarns, rice, metals, sugar with a capital of Rs 15 million. By 1914 Tata interests embraced trade, hotels, cotton manufacture, iron and steel and hydroelectricity. Industrial banking, insurance, construction, soap and cement were taken up after the First World War. The thirties saw the floatation of Tata Airlines, the forerunner of Air India. The Second World War and its aftermath brought about another giant stride by Tata, as reflected in the floatation of Tata Chemicals (1940), Tata Tube (1940), Investa Machine Tools and Tata Locomotive (TELCO).
2) Birla: Birla Bros., Mahashwaris from Pilani (Rajasthan), reputedly grew into a firm with a capital of Rs 80 lacs from a base of Rs 20 lacs by trading operations during the First World War. They established several industries between 1918 and 1922. After a fierce battle against racial exclusiveness, G D Birla established direct connections with the London jute market during and after the war, becoming a leading raw jute exporter of Calcutta. Then he set up a jute mill in Calcutta. He also set up two cotton-textile mills in Delhi and Gwalior, and later on one in Calcutta. From this base followed expansion at a breakneck speed during and after the Second World War, further expansion of cotton and jute interests: manufacture of textile machinery, automobiles, bicycles, ball-bearings, fans, non ferrous metals, rayon, plastics, plywood and vegetable oil; takeovers of tea and coal interests; entry into aviation; expansion of insurance; assumption of banking and floatation of investment and trading companies on a large scale.
3) Dalmia: Ramkrishna Dalmia, a Maheshwari of the Jain faith from Rohtak in the Punjab moved into industry in the early thirties. He set up a sugar mill in Bihar, which he later diversified as Rohtas Industries. This initiative was followed up by manufacture of cement of its own. Dalmia emerged as an important group in the industrial complex of India in the thirties and in the next decade rapid expansion took place. Between 1948 and 1952 Ramkrishna Dalmia acquired control over the Punjab National Bank, Bharat Insurance, Lahore Electric, Bennet-Coleman (The Times of India), Govan Group (Dhrangadhra Chemicals, Raza Sugar, Buland Sugar, Indian National Airways). At the same time he took care to build up Rohtas Industries Limited. As a diversified concern producing sugar, cement, paper, vanaspati, chemicals, spun pipe he also expanded the group’s interests to airways.
4) Walchand: Walchand Hirachand was a Gujarati Jain Bania settled in Sholapur in Maharashtra. He accumulated his capital as a contractor in buildings, railway works and other construction during the First World War. His greatest achievement was the Scindia Steam Navigation Company that was floated in 1919 and in the thirties he set up the Ravalgon Sugar Farm Limited (1933). The group played a pioneering role in sugar manufacture on modern scientific lines, shipping, shipbuilding, aircraft manufacture, automobile manufacture, engineering and machine tools, and building and bridge construction.