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COVID 19 in India

• The COVID-19 pandemic in India is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case of COVID-19 in India, which originated from China, was reported on 30 January 2020. India currently has the largest number of confirmed cases in Asia,and has the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world after the United States,with more than 9 million reported cases of COVID-19 infection and more than 100 thousand deaths. The per day cases peaked mid-September in India with over 90,000 cases reported per day and have since come down to below 40,000 in December.
• On 22 March, India observed a 14-hour voluntary public curfew at the insistence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It was followed by mandatory lockdowns in COVID-19 hotspots and all major cities. Further, on 24 March, the prime minister ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, affecting the entire 1.3 billion population of India. On 14 April, India extended the nationwide lockdown till 3 May which was followed by two-week extensions starting 3 and 17 May with substantial relaxations. From 1 June, the government started "unlocking" the country (barring "containment zones") in three unlock phases.

• In March, after the lockdown was imposed, the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) praised India's response to the pandemic as 'comprehensive and robust', terming the lockdown restrictions as 'aggressive but vital' for containing the spread and building necessary healthcare infrastructure. At the same time, the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) noted the government's swift and stringent actions, emergency policy-making, emergency investment in health care, fiscal stimulus, and investment in vaccine and drug R&D and gave India a score of 100 for the strict response. Also in March, Michael Ryan, chief executive director of the WHO's health emergencies programme noted that India had tremendous capacity to deal with the outbreak owing to its vast experience in eradicating smallpox and polio.
• In June, India was ranked 56th of 200 countries in COVID-19 safety assessment report by Deep Knowledge Group.[19] Other commentators have raised concerns about the economic fallout arising as a result of the pandemic and preventive restrictions. The lockdown was justified by the government and other agencies for being preemptive to prevent India from entering a higher stage which could make handling very difficult and cause even more losses thereafter.

• In July 2020, India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting claimed the country's case fatality rate was among the lowest in the world at 2.41% and "steadily declining". By mid-May 2020, six cities accounted for around half of all reported cases in the country – Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Pune and Kolkata.As of 10 September 2020, Lakshadweep is the only region which has not reported a case.On 10 June, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.Infection rates started to drop significantly in September, and the number of daily new cases and active cases started to decline rapidly.A Government panel on COVID-19 announced in October that the pandemic had peaked in India, and may come under control by February 2021. India has over 30 anti-COVID vaccines in various stages of development and the first of these is expected to be introduced in early 2021.

• The pandemic has left a severe impact on Indian economy, leading to a negative growth rate for the first time in decades. Nevertheless, the economy started to rebound after the lockdown was eased. Increased requirement for consumption had led the government and private firms to repurpose their factories and production lines for manufacturing of more hospital beds, PPE and ventilators. India emerged as the world's second largest manufacturer of PPE during the pandemic. The Union Government also launched a major self-sufficiency campaign to substitute imported products with domestically produced counterparts, especially to replace goods imported from China.