Any five waterborne diseases, pathogens, symptoms,
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.
Measures taken by the UAE government to prevent airborne diseases.
Colour prints of the images related to the diseases.
Answers
NAMES AND SYMPTOMS : Dysentery. Dysentery is caused by either bacteria or protozoa and causes inflammation of the intestines, severe abdominal pains and diarrhea, often with blood. The intestinal lining can be compromised, impairing nutrient absorption, causing bleeding, allowing bacterial infections and even the exit of pathogens into the bloodstream.
Typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness one can contract by eating food handled by a person shedding the Salmonella Typhi bacteria or by eating food washed with water contaminated by sewage with the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. Once ingested, the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream. Symptoms include a very high fever, stomach pains, headache, extreme fatigue, joint pain and loss of appetite. Sometimes, to a rash will spread across the abdomen known as rose spots.
Cholera. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. Cholera is globally having increase steadily since 2005. Epidemics are generally related to fecal contamination of water supplies or street vendor foods. Severe cases may cause profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. The rapid loss of body fluids can lead to dehydration and shock and without treatment, death can occur within hours.
Hepatitis A. Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus enters the water via the feces of an infected person. This can happen through broken pipes or by sewage overflows. Accordingly, the virus can spread through water used to wash food. Hepatitis A typically causes by fever, vomiting, stomach pain, jaundice or yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, and fatigue.
Trachoma. Trachoma is responsible for visual impairment or blindness. Women and children are the most vulnerable populations. It is an infectious disease, spreading through personal contact and by flies that have been in contact with the discharge from the eyes or nose of the infected person.
PREVENTION:
Make sure that the water is visibly clean and free from any sand and silt. You can filter the water to get rid of any visible dirt.
Only drink clean and safe water. Use either clean portable water or water that has been treated with water purifiers. Do not consume untreated water.
Make sure that the stored water is free of germs and clean for later use.
In bathing water, if it is not clear, put some antiseptic liquid to get rid of harmful bacteria.
Practice exceptional hand hygiene by washing hands meticulously with soap after using the toilet, before and after preparing food, before eating or drinking anything.
CAUSES: Waterborne diseases are caused by drinking water or eating food washed in water which is polluted, contains protozoa that can cause infections like Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, etc, contains viruses like Hepatitis A or E, or water may contain bacteria like E.coli, cholera or typhoid fever or water with parasites like roundworm, hookworm and ringworm.