any one have class 9 Improvement in food resource notes
Answers
• Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, all of which we require for body development, growth and health.
• Different crops require different climatic conditions, temperature and photoperiods for their growth and completion of their life cycle. Photoperiods are related to the duration of sunlight. Growth of plants and flowers are dependent on sunlight.
• Successful crop production depends upon many factors such as:
(i) Understanding how crops grow and develop.
(ii) Effect of various nutrients, climate, water on the growth of the plant.
(iii) Modification and management of each factor for increasing the yield of the crop.
• The crops which are grown in rainy season (the kharif season, from June to October) are called as kharif crops.
Example: Paddy, soyabean, pigeon pea, maize, cotton, green gram and black gram are kharif crops.
• The crops which are grown in winter season (the rabi season, from November to April) are called rabi crops.
Example: Wheat grain, peas, mustard and linseed
(v) Wider adaptability: It allows the crops to be grown under different climatic conditions in different areas.
(vi) Desirable agronomic characteristics: It increases productivity, for example, tallness and profuse branching are desirable characters for fodder crops; while dwarfness is desired in cereals, so that less nutrients are consumed by these crops.
• Plant nutrients: Nutrients are supplied to plants by air, water and soil. There are sixteen nutrients which are essential for plants. Air supplies carbon and oxygen; hydrogen comes from water and soil supplies the other thirteen nutrients to plants. Amongst these thirteen nutrients, six are required in large quantities and are therefore called macro-nutrients. The other seven nutrients are used by plants in small quantities and are therefore called micro-nutrients.
Manure: Manure contains large quantities of organic matter and also supplies small quantities of nutrients to the soil. Manure is prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. Manure helps in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter and increasing soil fertility. On the basis of the kind of biological waste used to make manure, it can be classified into three types: (i) Compost (ii) Vermi-compost (iii) Green manure.
(i) Compost: It can be farm waste material such as livestock excreta (cow dung etc.), vegetables waste, animal refuse, domestic waste, sewage waste, straw, eradicated weeds, etc. This material is decomposed in pits and this process of decomposition is also called composting. This compost is rich in organic matter and nutrients.
(ii) Vermi-compost: The compost which is made by the decomposition of plant and animal refuse with the help of redworm is called vermi-compost.
(iii) Green manure: Prior to the sowing of the crop seeds, some plants like sun hemp or guar are grown and then mulched by ploughing them into the soil. These green plants thus turn into green manure which helps in enriching the soil in nitrogen and phosphorus.
• Fertilizers: Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. Fertilizers supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants. Fertilizers are an important factor in the higher yields of high-cost farming.
• Organic farming: It is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. and with a maximum input of organic manures, recycled farm-wastes (straw and livestock excreta), use of bio-agents such as culture of blue-green algae in preparation of biofertilizers, neem leaves or turmeric specifically in grain storage as bio-pesticides with healthy cropping systems [mixed cropping inter-cropping and crop rotation]. These cropping systems are beneficial in insect, pest and weed control besides providing nutrients.
• Irrigation: Proper irrigation is very important for the success of crops. Ensuring that the crop gets water at the right stages during their growing season, can increase the expected yield of a crop.
Answer:
All living organisms need food because
- It provide carbohydrates, fats vitamin and Minerals.
- it allows development of the organisms.
- it is needed to gain energy for everyday task.
Main sources of food
- Plants - obtained from agriculture
- Animals - obtained from animal husbandry
efforts made to meet the increase in food demands
- Green Revolution - The introduction of modern technology and equipment usage of fertilizers and high quality.
- White Revolution - increasing the growth of milk production by introducing Dairy development programmes.
The introduction of these Revolution has led to an increased use of natural resources has now sustainable methods of increasing crops and livestock efficiency are also required.
Improvement in crop yield
Improvement in crop yield crops are the plants grown on larger land area to provide food for the growing population to improve the sale of Crop one should have a proper understanding of the the factor that affect the growth of crops the crops are grown depending upon the season.
The crops which are grown in rainy season (the kharif season from June to October) are called is kharif crops example paddy, maize
The crops which are grown in winter season ( the rabi season from November to April) are called Rabi crops .example piece mustard
Crop variety improvement
crop variety improvement is the primary step to improve food crop production it helps in the development of crops with desired traits such as high yield disease resistance quality product and response to fertilizers.
High Yield- to increase the productivity of the crop per acre.
Improved quality - quality considerations of Crop baking quality is important in wheat production quality in pulses oil quality in oilseeds and preserving quality in fruits and vegetable.
Biotic Resistance and Abiotic Resistance- crop production can grow down due to biotic and abiotic stresses under different situation varieties resistant to these stresses can improve crop production.