any two animal diseases and write about their symptoms, cause of the disease as well as prevention of the diseases.
Answers
Explanation:
CAUSES OF DISEASES
Disease causes body functions to disfunction or function improperly. Three principal reasons most often
cited for the spread of diseases are poor sanitation, improper management, and introduction of new ani-
mals into a herd.
One or more of the following defects cause diseases.
Nutritional defects - An imbalance of required food nutrients in the ration is the cause of nutritional defects.
Animals receiving inadequate amounts of vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and protein cannot produce
efficiently. Therefore, their levels of resistance to disease are lowered.
Physiological defects - These defects cause an improper functioning of glands, organs, or body systems. The
relationship between the diet and the proper functioning of body parts is directly related. For example, the
thyroid gland regulates the rate of body metabolism and depends upon an adequate supply of iodine to
function properly. An improperly functioning thyroid gland may increase the nutritive requirements of animals
to the point that very few nutrients are available for growth or production.
Answer and Explanation:
Anthrax, a highly infectious and fatal disease of cattle, is caused by a relatively large spore-forming rectangular shaped bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax causes acute mortality in ruminants. The bacteria produce extremely potent toxins which are responsible for the ill effects, causing a high mortality rate. Signs of the illness usually appear 3 to 7 days after the spores are swallowed or inhaled. Once signs begin in animals, they usually die within two days.
Symptoms:
Sudden death (often within 2 or 3 hours of being apparently normal) is by far the most common sign;
Very occasionally some animals may show trembling, a high temperature
Difficulty breathing, collapse and convulsions before death. This usually occurs over a period of 24 hours; \Treatment and control
Due to the acute nature of the disease resulting in sudden death, treatment is usually not possible in animals even though Anthrax bacilli are clines. Treatment is of use in cases showing sub-acute form of the disease.
In most cases, early treatment can cure anthrax. The cutaneous (skin) form of anthrax can be treated with common antibiotics.
Preventive measures:
Regular annual vaccination of animals in endemic areas will prevent the disease from occurring.
Vaccination may be carried out at least a month prior to expected disease occurrence in endemic areas.
Never open a carcass of an animal suspected to have died from anthrax.
Contact a veterinarian immediately if the following symptoms are seen and seek advice on control measures to be adopted.
Fever (106-108°F), loss of appetite, depression and dullness
Difficult breathing (dyspnoea)
Lameness in affected leg
Crepitation swelling over hip, back & shoulder
Recumbency (prostration) followed by death within 12-48 hrs.
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Black quarter (black-leg)
It is an acute infectious and highly fatal, bacterial disease of cattle. Buffaloes, sheep and goats are also affected. Young cattle between 6-24 months of age, in good body condition are mostly affected. It is soil-borne infection which generally occurs during rainy season. In India, the disease is sporadic (1-2 animal) in nature.
Causal organism: it is a bacterial disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei
Symptoms:
Fever (106-108°F), Loss of appetite, Depression and dullness
Suspended rumination
Rapid pulse and heart rates
Difficult breathing (dyspnoea)
Lameness in affected leg
Crepitation swelling over hip, back & shoulder
Swelling is hot & painful in early stages whereas cold and painless inter.
Recumbency (prostration) followed by death within 12-48 hrs.
Treatment:
Early treatment can be possible to complete cure of the animal.
Consult with veterinarian immediately.