Any two sources of delhi siltanate
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As compared with Ancient India, a large number of literary sources are available for the medieval period. They provide a more reliable information and insight about the life of the people of the period. These sources inform us of the administrative set up of the rulers, their theory of kingship, military achievements etc. They also reflect the state of cultural, economic, political and religious institutions.
While utilising these resources we should keep in view the following points:
(1) Absolute historical truth is elusive, (2) Absolute impartial history is rather impossible, (3) Every kind of prejudice, caste, faith, personal racial, regional and religious etc., possessed by the historian has exercised some influence in recording events and facts, (4) All possible efforts need to be made to sift facts from fiction, (5) Since most of the books were written on the command of the rulers or by them, they contain material which has to be treated with care and caution, (6) Different sources to be used while arriving at some definite conclusion.
Two-fold divisions of Literary Sources for the Medieval Period
Broadly speaking, sources may be divided according to the division of the period:
(i) The Sultanate Period, and
(ii) The Mughal Period.
Following are the important sources:
Important Sources of Information
Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir: For the history of Central Asia and the Rise of the Shansabani Dynasty of Ghor, the Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir gives us a lot of information.
The book was completed in 1230 A.D. The author was a contemporary to many of the events narrated in the last two volumes of his work He used a critical judgment in utilizing his sources of information and the result was that his account has rarely been found to be wrong.
As regards his notices of Indian affairs, those are remarkably correct so far as the dates and essential facts are concerned. However, those are admittedly based on hearsay. The author is valuable so far as he confirms other sources. In some places, he gives interesting explanations or details which are not to be found in other authorities.
Tarikh-i-Jahan Gusha-i-Juwaini of Ata Malik:
Ata Malik Juwaini completed his Tarikh-i-Jahan Gusha-i-Juwaini in 1260 A.D. The book is valuable for the History of Central Asia in the first half of the 13th century. The author held a high administrative office in Baghdad under Hulaku and was also in a position to use Mongol official documents. His work gives us a detailed and authentic account of the Mongol conquests in Western Asia. Although the writer is pro-Mongol in his attitude, his account is free from in-accuracies. However, his notices of India are few and are made only in connection with the Shansabanis or the Khwarizmi Prince, Jalaluddin.
Tarikh-i-Guzidah of Hamdullah Mastaufi Qazwini:
The Tarikh-i-Guzidah was completed by Hamdullah Mastaufi Qazwini in 1329 A.D. It is considered to be the best general history of the East. It contains a brief, though generally accurate, account of the Ghaznawids, Shansabanis and Sultans of Delhi. The author gives interesting details about the Ghorides. The value of the book is mostly corroborative.
Genealogies of Fakhruddin Mubarakshah:
For the early history of the Muslim conquest, the historical portion contained in the introduction to the book of genealogies of Fakhruddin Mubarakshah known as Fakhre-Madabbir, discovered and edited by Denison Ross, is very valuable. The author was a learned man of repute in the court of Ghazni and later of Delhi. He also wrote a history of the Ghorides in verse. Although it is mentioned by Minhaj-i-Siraj, it does not appear to be extant.
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While utilising these resources we should keep in view the following points:
(1) Absolute historical truth is elusive, (2) Absolute impartial history is rather impossible, (3) Every kind of prejudice, caste, faith, personal racial, regional and religious etc., possessed by the historian has exercised some influence in recording events and facts, (4) All possible efforts need to be made to sift facts from fiction, (5) Since most of the books were written on the command of the rulers or by them, they contain material which has to be treated with care and caution, (6) Different sources to be used while arriving at some definite conclusion.
Two-fold divisions of Literary Sources for the Medieval Period
Broadly speaking, sources may be divided according to the division of the period:
(i) The Sultanate Period, and
(ii) The Mughal Period.
Following are the important sources:
Important Sources of Information
Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir: For the history of Central Asia and the Rise of the Shansabani Dynasty of Ghor, the Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir gives us a lot of information.
The book was completed in 1230 A.D. The author was a contemporary to many of the events narrated in the last two volumes of his work He used a critical judgment in utilizing his sources of information and the result was that his account has rarely been found to be wrong.
As regards his notices of Indian affairs, those are remarkably correct so far as the dates and essential facts are concerned. However, those are admittedly based on hearsay. The author is valuable so far as he confirms other sources. In some places, he gives interesting explanations or details which are not to be found in other authorities.
Tarikh-i-Jahan Gusha-i-Juwaini of Ata Malik:
Ata Malik Juwaini completed his Tarikh-i-Jahan Gusha-i-Juwaini in 1260 A.D. The book is valuable for the History of Central Asia in the first half of the 13th century. The author held a high administrative office in Baghdad under Hulaku and was also in a position to use Mongol official documents. His work gives us a detailed and authentic account of the Mongol conquests in Western Asia. Although the writer is pro-Mongol in his attitude, his account is free from in-accuracies. However, his notices of India are few and are made only in connection with the Shansabanis or the Khwarizmi Prince, Jalaluddin.
Tarikh-i-Guzidah of Hamdullah Mastaufi Qazwini:
The Tarikh-i-Guzidah was completed by Hamdullah Mastaufi Qazwini in 1329 A.D. It is considered to be the best general history of the East. It contains a brief, though generally accurate, account of the Ghaznawids, Shansabanis and Sultans of Delhi. The author gives interesting details about the Ghorides. The value of the book is mostly corroborative.
Genealogies of Fakhruddin Mubarakshah:
For the early history of the Muslim conquest, the historical portion contained in the introduction to the book of genealogies of Fakhruddin Mubarakshah known as Fakhre-Madabbir, discovered and edited by Denison Ross, is very valuable. The author was a learned man of repute in the court of Ghazni and later of Delhi. He also wrote a history of the Ghorides in verse. Although it is mentioned by Minhaj-i-Siraj, it does not appear to be extant.
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