Question

anybody pls explain control and cordination chapter pls ​

Answer 1

$\huge{\tt{\red{}\green{A}\purple{N}\pink{S}\blue{W}\orange{E}\red{R}}}$

What do we mean by control and coordination ?It means working of a body in a systematic manner. Like you all know that we have a complex system but it is of a very advanced type. All the processes taking place in our body are very complicated and still the body is working so efficiently. The whole body systems are interconnected and work like a team. As you all know that suppose you eat food then our stomach should be prepared with gastric juices to digest it likewise there are many processes that are occurring as a result of this control and coordination system. For control and coordination there is a system inside our body which is known as the nervous system and the hormonal system.

• Central nervous system: It consists of two main parts that is the brain and the spinal cord. They actually control the major part that refers to what to do when to do and how to do i.e a response towards all stimulus.

• Peripheral nervous system: It refers to all the nerves that enter or leave the brain and the spinal cord. It includes all nerves sensory, motor and mixed nerves. It is further divided into autonomic and voluntary nervous system.

• Autonomic nervous system: It controls all the activities that occur in a body by itself. Iit means activities of visceral organs.

• Voluntary nervous system: It controls all the activities that occur according to the will of person like sitting, posture maintaining etc.

• Both autonomic and voluntary system consist of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that are antagonistic in function and show their action on visceral organs.

• We have seen there are certain responses that are very fast. For example: If pin pricks your hand ur response is so fast that in a fraction of second you withdraw your hand. These actions are called reflex actions so lets focus on that.

Human Brain

• It is the main controlling centre of our body . It is the major part of CNS.
• It is present in a cavity called the skull.
• It is surrounded by a bony box known as the cranium.
• It is covered with membranes called the meninges.
• The fluid present in vacant spaces and between membranes is called the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Tropic movements

The movement caused in the plant in response to stimulus are called Tropic movements. The stimulus can be: light, chemical, gravity, water etc.

• Phototropism : It is the movement caused in plant or plant parts in response to the light. The stem moves towards light so it is positively phototropic and root moves away so it is negatively phototropic. These movements are fixed and do not change with time or with direction of stimulus.
• Geotropism : The movement caused in a plant in response to gravity. Similarly in this root moves towards gravity so it is positively geotropic and stem is negatively geotropic.
• Chemotropism : The movement caused in plant in response to a chemical. For example: growth of pollen tube . as we see in case of pollen tube that it grows and enter the embryo sac through micropyle. This is actually in response to chemical.
• Nastic movements: These are the movements that occur in the direction of stimulus. For example : it is seen in touch me not plant (mimosa pudica). The stimulus for it is touch. When the leaves of touch me not plant are touched it closes .

Hormones in humans

Hormones are the certain chemicals released in our bodies that help in control and coordination of the body. Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands. Actually there are two types of glands in our body :

• Exocrine gland
• Endocrine gland

Characteristics of hormones :-

• They are secreted in small amounts.
• They are secreted by endocrine glands.
• They act only on target organ.
• They are either proteinous , steroids etc.
• They reach target organ through blood
• Pituitary gland : It is located in the midbrain. It is also called the master gland of our body as it secrets some important hormones. The functioning of it is controlled by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

Answer 2

Answer:

I HOPE IT IS HELP FUL TO YOU....

PLEASE MARK AS BRAINIEST..

ALWAYS BE HAPPY BUDDY...