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Explanation:Reserved Forests
Land rights to forests declared to be Reserved forests or Protected forests are typically acquired (if not already owned) and owned by the Government of India. Unlike national parks of India or wildlife sanctuaries of India, reserved forests and protected forests are declared by the respective state governments. At present, reserved forests and protected forests differ in one important way: Rights to all activities like hunting, grazing, etc. in reserved forests are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise. In protected areas, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products.
Protected Forests
Protected forests are of two kinds - demarcated protected forests and undemarcated protected forests, based on whether the limits of the forest have been specified by a formal notification.
Typically, protected forests are often upgraded to the status of wildlife sanctuaries, which is turn may be upgraded to the status of national parks, with each category receiving a higher degree of protection and government funding. For example, Sariska National Park was declared a reserved forest in 1955, upgraded to the status of a wildlife sanctuary in 1958, becoming a Tiger Reserve in 1978. Sariska became a national park in 1992, though primary notification to declare it as a national park was issued as early as 1982
Protected forest is an area or mass of land notified under the provisions of Indian forest act or the state forests act having limited degree of protection. In protected forests, all activities are permitted unless it is prohibited. Protected forest is an area or mass of land which is a reserved forests, and over which the government has property rights, declared to be so by a state government under the provisions of section 29 of theINdian forest act 1927.
Effect of Tribal Population Growth on Forest Flora and Fauna
Due to faster population growth in forest and tribal areas, naturally available forest resources (NTFP) are becoming inadequate for their basic livelihood. Many tribal people are giving up their traditional livelihoods and taking up farming and cattle ranching in the forest areas causing irreparable damage. Such people, formerly the protectors of forests, are gradually becoming threats to the forests and their wildlife. Governments should devise schemes to avert this harm and save the dwindling forest areas, their flora and fauna. Tribal people have extraordinary understanding of forest flora and fauna which can be productively utilized. All the tribal people should be employed by the government in the expansion and protection of the forests and its wildlife until their descendants become better educated and diversify into industrial and service sectors.