Apart from politics, Kamaladevi was active in which areas
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Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay was one of the many women who were at the forefront of the Indian freedom struggle whose life accounts remain less celebrated. Apart from playing an active role in activist politics of the era, and being the first woman to contest elections for the seat in parliament, her concerns included mass-mobilization for the cause of independence from the British. She understood the quotient of home-produced arts and craft and the acknowledgement of domestic labour of women that is almost always invisibilized to be essential in terms of policy-making and law-making. Throughout her lifetime, she founded and headed several organisations for the multiple causes she espoused.
Kamaladevi’s Political Career
Kamaladevi was greatly inspired by Gandhian ideas and the concept of resistance by non-violence. She was exposed to Marxist thought during her time in England, which added to her understanding of the workings of imperialism. According to her, imperial power was assisted by princes and capitalists, and her anti-Zamindari stance was understood to be communist. Kamaladevi rejected this and pleaded for deeper understanding of history in the intellectual environment that was antagonised against any kind of western import of thought. Although she was anti-communist, Kamaladevi was also very in the Congress Socialist Party and inaugurated the All India Peasants and Workers Conference in 1935 while arguing for peasant’s right over the land.
Mrs. Margaret Cousins or Gretta was responsible for initiating Kamaladevi into her political career as she insisted that she take the post of General Secretary of All Women’s Educational Conference set up in 1927. Kamaladevi, along with other activists like Margaret Cousin, Sarojini Naidu, Maharani of Baroda among others, campaigned for the Central Legislative Assembly to pass legislations such as the Child Marriage Restraint and the Age of Consent Bill. She also was the first woman to contest an election in the Legislature in 1920 from Madras province, after the women activists pressed for women’s political rights at the time when women in Britain, too, didn’t have the right to vote.
Kamaladevi was elected as the Secretary of All India Women’s Conference (AIWC), which took up the cause of the welfare of women and children, mobilising women politically for the freedom struggle at the same time. AIWC took up the then-controversial and futuristic stance at various topics regarding the celebration of breastfeeding and family planning. Kamaladevi’s motto behind founding the Family Planning Association in 1930 was to “wage a war” on women’s sexual dependence.
In terms of economic rights, Kamaladevi criticized the neglect of women in Trade Unions which led to reforms in the area. AIWC pushed for the demand to recognize women’s work inside the house and on the field, equal wage with equal opportunities. Kamaladevi’s organization also vouched for the Uniform Civil Code to secure women’s rights to property and children’s guardianship. Some of these suggestions were overlooked and have re-surfaced in contemporary political discussions.
In 1927, Kamaladevi joined the Congress Party and in 1929, she became the President of the Youth Congress Session in Ahmedabad. Her troubled marriage got worse as Harindranath Chattopadhyay was jealous of her political influence. However, she continued to be a part of the freedom struggle and made Gandhi change his decision when he excluded women from being a part of the Dandi March to launch the civil disobedience movement. After that, she kept selling illegal salt, got arrested and shared the prison with Sarojini Naidu in Yerwads Women’s Prison.
Due to her association with the youth movement, Kamaladevi headed the Women’s Wing of Seva Dal which she had set-up along with Dr. Hardikar. She was responsible for training hundreds of Sevikas, the orange-sari clad women who protested against foreign goods and other colonial policies openly. Throes of women joined the movement abandoning their homes and families for the movement, especially the older women.
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