Question

Application of geomorphology in mineral exploration

Answer 1

Writing of the application of the principles discussed above to a coal mine in the United States, Beersing et al. in the paper A Geomorphic Approach for the Design of Drainage Systems on Reclaimed Mined Area establish these criteria for replicating natural analogues in the design of reclamation drainage systems:

Robust, self-healing capacity provided by several lines of defense against sustained erosion.

Ready supply of armoring material where erosion has occurred.

Adjustment of channel size and shape to handle peak flows.

Gradual evolution.

Sediment balance.

A stable configuration that is not vulnerable to rapid change.

Answer 2

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In the Southern Eastern Desert of Egypt, A
NW–SE oriented structural graben extends
from the North of Aswan to the Red Sea
coast with a length of about 400 km and
an average width of 30 km. The area has
significant potential for development as it
may be provided with water from surface
and subsurface sources and is the site of
prospection for petroleum. The present
paper is an attempt to understand the
structural evolution and genetic
development of the geomorphologic
features of the area and constructing
presently a new geomorphological map at a
scale of 1:250,000 using Landsat ETM
images and field checks. Available
geological maps and the produced
geomorphological map are digitized by
using the ARC-GIS software. The same
program is also used to produce a 3D DEM
for surface and subsurface features. Based
on new interpretations of aeromagnetic and
radiometric data, the subsurface features
of the basement cover were illustrated on a
3D map. Geological–geomorphological
profiles have been constructed in different
directions in the area to identify present
and ancient geomorphologic features. The
place and shape of subsurface deep seated
NW–SE trending faults have been
determined. The faults, which generated the
graben have downthrows in the order of
900–5800 m. The surface and subsurface
observations delineate the dominant
downthrow of about 3750 m. Three E–W
subsurface faults have been detected under
Nubia sandstone, one of them, displaying a
downthrow of about 845 m, cuts through
the basement rocks.