Application of orthogonal signal space in representing a signal
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Orthogonal signals are used extensively in the communications industry. They range from a simple sine/cosine quadrature signals to multiple signals whose inner product is equal to zero. Orthogonal signals can be used for several different applications.
Quadrature signals can be used to send and receive separate information channels on each orthogonal signal with minimal interference between them. For example, if a QPSK modulator is used in a system, two different data streams, one for the I channel (0, 180 degrees) and one for the Q channel (90, 270 degrees), can be sent simultaneously and received on the other end as separate data streams.
Orthogonality can also be applied to polarizations in an antenna system. Two signals can be transmitted on different polarizations or two parallel channels can be used with the same frequency for increased data rates. The channels can use either horizontal/vertical polarization separation or the left hand circular polarized/right hand circular polarized (LHCP/RHCP) technique.
Orthogonal principles are also used to separate desired signals from jammers using a Gram Schmidt orthogonalizer (GSO). The GSO forces the desired signal to be orthogonal to the jamming signal so that it can be used to eliminate the jamming signal.
Another application for orthogonal signals is to prevent adjacent channel interference. This application allows for the system to be able to overlap multiple frequency channel signals with minimum interference between the channels and still guarantee reception and detection of phase -shift keyed signals. Thus, more data can be sent over...