application of sonar
Answers
Defence: Most military vessels carry sonar systems which are used to detect and track enemy vessels, torpedos etc. Both active and passive sonars are used for military applications.
Bathymetric Studies: Using multi beam sonars or echo sonars to determine the underwater depth of ocean floors has not only given accurate results in determining the depth of the sea floor, but has also made navigation safer over the years.
Pipeline inspections: Pipeline inspections can now be performed with high frequency side scan sonar which is used by oil & gas companies to detect spans, rock dump integrity & possible damage.
Offshore wind turbines: High resolution sonars are often used for installation of huge offshore wind turbines as potential sites need to be surveyed accurately. It is also used for checking the seabed and also scour protection around the foundation of the turbine.
Detecting explosive dangers underwater: As the seafloor gets increasingly exploited, it becomes equally important to identify objects before laying pipes, cables. Locating unexploded mines, bombs, torpedoes become increasingly important.
Search and rescue missions: Side scan sonar systems are being used by Search & Rescue teams. It is essentially used to locate the body and once the target of a body is located with the help of a side scan sonar it guides the diver to the site for recovering the body.
Underwater Communications: Dedicated sonars are fitted in ships and submarines for underwater communications.References:
SONAR - Sound Navigation and Ranging
SONAR is used to determine the direction and speed of underwater objects. SONAR is generally found in ships and boats. SONAR uses ultrasonic sound waves to detect the underwater objects, fishes, submarines, boats.
How SONAR works ?
There is a transmitter at the bottom of ship which produces and transmits the Ultrasonic sound. These ultrasonic sounds strikes at the depth of the sea. And, it comes back towards the receiver which is fitted at the bottom of the ships and boats. This receiver receives the sound reflected from depth of the sea and perceives it. Later, this signals is properly interpreted and time between transmission and reception is noted. And, this is how it is helpful to find depth and underwater objects in sea.
How SONAR helps to find underwater objects ?:
If the time difference between transmission and reception is less than normal, then it is expected that, there is something underwater object which is reflecting the sound before reaching the depth. And, in this way, SONAR is used to determine underwater objects, depth of sea, Underwater hills, Icebergs, Submarines, valleys.
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