Question

application of zeeman and stark effect

Answer 1

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The Zeeman effect is utilized in many laser cooling applications such as a magneto-optical trap and the Zeeman slower.

is used for electrical operation of electron spins in quantum dots through electric dipole spin resonance, and driving spins by electric field due to inhomogeneous  has been also demonstrated.

The quantum-confined Stark effect is widely used for semiconductor-based optical modulators, particularly for optical fiber communications.

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