Applications of isotopes in biochemistry, clinical applicationapplications of isotopes in biochemistry, clinical application
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radioisotopes. Therefore radioactive isotopes are used to label biological molecules. Such assays estimate the concentration of different constituents of plasma, body fluids, urine, blood etc. This technique is called radioimmuno-assays. An example is iodine bioassay which uses gamma emitters’ radionuclides of Iodine-125 and Iodine-131 that accrues inside thyroid. Therefore gamma detector can be used to quantify the iodine content (uptake and intake) of the person’s thyroid. The amount of measured radioiodine in the thyroid is compared with the Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) [1].
Urinalysis
Radioisotopes are eliminated from the body in body fluids. By determining the active contents in urine one can analyse the uptake and intake of a specific radionuclide [1].
Tracer studies
Radioisotope is used for biological labelling of cells or entities for identification or tracing specific molecules in an organism. S 35 P 32 and I 125 are widely used radioisotopes used for labelling [2].
Carbon dating
Radioactive carbon-14 decay could be used to estimate the age of organic materials. For example carbon dating revealed that the burial cloth of Jesus Christ originated during the medieval times between A.D. 1260-1390. Similarly mummified remains found frozen in the Italian Alps were at least 5000 years old [3].
Potassium dating
Radio potassium-40 decays to stable 40Ar. Thus, by measuring relative ratio of 40K and 40Ar in rocks enable us to determine the age of rocks since its formation
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