appreciate the role of nehru in independent india for 10th class
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A fortnight back, November 14th was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru’s 125th birth anniversary. India was born, not out of war but after a protracted negotiated settlement with the British, of a struggle for freedom launched nearly 100 years ago.
This came about with division of two of nation’s largest population, Hindus and Muslims. It is a debatable point whether the subcontinent should have been divided into India and Pakistan at all, especially when the Father of the Nation was totally against it. With Mohammed Ali Jinnah bent upon partition, and the British, perhaps unable to bring about a settlement, one of the biggest migration in history happened with millions uprooted from their motherland and literally travelling by uncharted road to their new unknown destination. Millions were killed, raped and lost about everything on the way. If they survived religious mayhem, they died of hunger and thirst.
This was the nation Nehru inherited as India’s first Prime Minster.
I feel he must have faced more problems than all the subsequent prime ministers put together faced in their entire tenures. Independence had been won no doubt, but the country was in tatters and dry of resources. Inexperience in governance was staring at the founding fathers. The Mahatma was away and on a fast even on the day when the National flag was hoisted in Delhi.
patelnehru
There was violence everywhere amidst a ray of hope.
The princely states were waging their cat and mouse games with regard to accession to the country and communal violence were ready to go aflame with or without any act of aggression.
While Hyderabad was well and truly brought under Indian rule under by the skilled Home Minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Kashmir became a problem and went to the United Nations and has remained one ever since.
If these were not enough, the British had left the country dry of its resources; Kohinoor was part of the riches the British took away with them; years of rule or deliberate misrule, if you will, had taken a toll of the country. No doubt India was free but it would have been a herculean task for the fledgling government to keep it as one. It had become a country for the first time instead of hundreds of piecemeal provinces which existed once on the basis of religion, language etc. More importantly, some of those provinces were let down by treachery of their own on various occasions resulting in India losing time and again to outside forces. For the first time the country had become one and it was as much of a test to its own people whether they had learnt their lessons at all.
Credit must go to Nehru for his bold decision to build the future on foundation of scientific temper. Engineer-statesman M Visvesvaraya’s vision ‘Industrialize or perish’ appealed to Nehru more than the Mahatma’s dream of cottage industry in India’s villages.
Thus came some of the best public sector undertakings like the Hindustan Aircraft Limited, Hindustan Machine Tools, Bharat Electronics, Bharat Heavy Electricals, and Indian Telephone Industries deep down in South in Bangalore (now Bengaluru) which was ideal in terms of security and climate.
The Planning Commission was set up to chart out plans for development of country through successive 5–year plans. ‘Modern temples’ as Nehru would call them, Steel plants came up in Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur followed by Bokaro. The ‘Green revolution’ began in 1960 but much of the background work was done in 1953 which changed the face of agriculture in the country.
The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories were set up all over India and scientists pool were set up to draw upon the pool to absorb them to various laboratories.
In a bold and historic move, the first Prime Minister decided to set up the Atomic Energy Commission under the chairmanship of Dr. Homi Bhabha. The Bhabha Atomic Reasearch Centre (BARC) came up in Bombay. At that time, the Prime Minister is reported to have told Dr. Bhabha: “Professor Bhabha take care of Physics, leave international relation to me".
The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) was started in Delhi, Bombay, Kanpur, Kharagpur and Madras. Likewise the All India Institute of Medical Sciences came up in Delhi.
Under the Council of Scientific Research & Industrial Research (CSIR) came number of Research institutes for various disciplines such as electronics, food, Agriculture, pharmacy etc.
In the political arena, Nehru sought to create a third force, the Non-aligned Policy which would raise its voice in the world. Egypt, Yugoslavia, Indonesia to carry its own voice in a world order dominated by two power blocs. With melting down of cold war the effect of nonaligned countries began wearing down.
