appreciates the services of science to the society
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The section Science and society analyses some of the central problems in the interaction between scientific advances and social structures. In particular, it looks at how individuals and social groups (the public) receive scientific advances in Spain. In addition, it includes a study of the influence that the appreciation of science by the public and society as a whole has on science itself. This summary highlights some of the section’s most representative observations, conclusions, and recommendations.
Nowadays, most scientific areas and their social applications are not a problematic issue for the majority of the public. Indeed, many such areas are seen as clearly beneficial. However, an overview of Spanish society’s recent perception of science and technology reveals one aspect that is different than that of other European societies. This is important when formulating programmes for bringing science and society closer together and for establishing a dialogue between the scientific community and the public. This aspect is outlined below:
Studies carried out by the European Commission and private institutions concur in characterising Spanish society as one of the most optimistic, with the least reservations about science.
Spanish society’s optimistic, unproblematic profile is accompanied by a low level of scientific knowledge among the population (knowledge of science’s central concepts and ways of operating). It is significantly lower than the level in the majority of advanced European societies. In other words, Spain’s open attitude to science is, in fact, passive. It is not linked to personal efforts to take an interest in science or to become informed about it. Science is not seen as an essential aspect of society’s culture.
In this respect, the proposals are:
In Spain, more than in other European societies, lasting and effective initiatives should be introduced to increase society’s knowledge and general interest in both the scientific foundations of culture and the contribution of science to cultural development. This would also encourage young people to choose scientific careers.
Efforts by public and private agents to communicate science to the public should be considerably increased. In addition, the results of these efforts should be scrutinised and assessed. In particular, it should be compulsory to assess the results of implementing public science-related policies.
The number of researchers involved in bringing science closer to society is almost negligible. This activity does not form part of researchers’ normal concerns. Many researchers consider that it is outside their role, and even contrary to their interests. Therefore, the following proposal is made:
The scientific community and scientific institutions with competence in political science should make a clear and explicit commitment to assess and stimulate science communication by researchers.
Obviously, the best results of educational efforts are attained within the formal education system. It is extremely important to dedicate special attention to generating and maintaining university students’ interest in research.
Obviously, the best results of educational efforts are attained within the formal education system. It is extremely important to dedicate special attention to generating and maintaining university students’ interest in research.
In primary and secondary education, all teaching- staff initiatives directed at increasing interest in science and its applications should receive special attention and support from the universities, the CSIC, and scientific organisations. This would help to draw the attention of the corresponding education authorities to the importance of basic scientific education. There are currently serious shortcomings in this area. Such support would also highlight the lack of encouragement, incentives, and resources of the teaching staff.
Like the rest of Spanish society, the Spanish political class is not in close contact with scientific knowledge, and, unlike the majority of countries in Europe, there are no official and transparent channels for offering scientific and technological advice to the government or parliamentary representatives. Examples of such channels are: scientific advisory offices for the presidency; permanent Parliament and Senate scientific commissions; scientific advisors in embassies, and international organisations.
Explanation:
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