Are neurons the structural and functional units of the nervous system, whereas neuroglial cells are accessory cells in nerve tissue?
Answers
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A small child darts in front of your bike as you race down the street. You see the child and immediately react. You put on the brakes, steer away from the child, and yell out a warning, all in just a split second. How do you respond so quickly? Such rapid responses are controlled by your nervous system. The nervous system is a complex network of nervous tissue that carries electrical messages throughout the body. It includes the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system, and nerves that run throughout the body, the peripheral nervous system (see Figure below). To understand how nervous messages can travel so quickly, you need to know more about nerve cells.
Although the nervous system is very complex, nervous tissue consists of just two basic types of nerve cells: neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They transmit electrical signals, called nerve impulses. Glial cells provide support for neurons. For example, they provide neurons with nutrients and other materials.
Summary
- Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon.
- Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells.
- Types of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
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