Are SN and AV nodes of heart, controlling heartbeat; completely independent or are controlled by heart or brain.
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The upper heart chambers (atria) contract. The AV node sends an impulse into the ventricles. The lower heart chambers (ventricles) contract or pump. The SA node sends another signal to the atria to contract, which starts the cycle over again.
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Martin Flack, a medical student, was the first to discover the sinoatrial (SA) node in the early 1900s. The SA (sinus) node represents a cluster of myocytes with pacemaker activity. Under normal circumstances, it generates electrical impulses that set the rhythm and rate of the heart. The mass of the sinus node is too small to create a substantial electrical signal that can be detected on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Instead, SA nodal pacemaker activity must be inferred indirectly from P waves generated by the atrial activity. Any dysfunction of the sinus node can affect the heart’s rate and rhythm. Noticing and understanding the various types of sinus node dysfunction can help with management decisions.
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