Area covered by different types of forest in india
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On the basis of predominant vegetation type and climatic regions, Indian forests can be divided into following :-
TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS-
These forests are found in the warm and humid areas.
They have an average precipitation of over 250 cm and mean annual temperature above 25° celsius. The average humidity exceeds 77 per cent.
These forests are well stratified and appears like a thick canopy with tress closer to the ground and some reaching great heights upto 65 m and above.
There is no fixed time for the trees to shed their leaves therefore these forests appears to be green all the year round (different species of trees shed their leaves in different seasons).
Some important tree species of such forests are- Mahogany, Mesua, White cedar, Jamun, Canes and Bamboo.
Regions where these can be seen-
Western slope of western Ghats
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Hills of North eastern region.
2. TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGREEN FORESTS-
Transitional forests between tropical wet evergreen forests and tropical deciduous forests.
Found in comparatively less rainy areas, where the precipitation ranges between 200–250 cm and mean annual temperature ranges between 22°-25°c. The humidity is about 75 per cent.
These are less dense when compared to tropical wet evergreen forests.
Some important species of such forests are- White celar, Hollock, Kail.
Found majorly in:-
Orissa
Western coast
Assam
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Lower slopes of Eastern Himalayas
3. TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS-
Often referred to as 'Monsoon Forests'.
The rainfall ranges between 70–200cm and the mean annual temperature is about 25°C. The average annual humidity is 65–70 per cent.
The trees shed their leaves in the autumn and early summer, therefore the forests appear to be bare in peak summers.
These forests occupy comparatively a larger area but eventually have been cleared for cultivation and various commercial purposes.
On the basis of availability of water, these are further divided into following-
The moist deciduous forests
The dry deciduous forests
Some major species of trees are- Teak, Sal, Shisham, Trendy, Amaltas, Axlewood.
These are found in-
Chhota Nagpur plateau
Parts of West Bengal
Manipur and Mizoram
4. TROPICAL THORN FORESTS-
These forests fall in the areas having mean annual temperature between 25–30°C and receive rainfall less than 70 cm. The annual humidity is less than 50 per cent.
These have a widely scattered vegetation of shrubs, grasses and tress with height less than 10 m.
Trees remain leafless for most part of the year.
Some major tree species are- Khair, Khejri, Wild date palm.
The prominent species are Acacias and Euphorbias.
Distribution-
Rajasthan
South-southwest Punjab
Haryana
Kachch
Madhya Pradesh
5. MONTANE FORESTS-
Found in the mountainous areas.
Can be divided into following-
Montane temperate forests-
Also referred to as the 'Northern Montane forests'.
Known as Sholas in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills.
These are further divided into 1. Montane wet temperate forests 2. Himalayan moist temperate forests 3. Himalayan dry temperate forests.
Montane sub-tropical forests-
often referred to as the 'Southern Montane forests'.
further divided into 1. Sub-tropical Broad-leaved Hill Forests 2. Sub-tropical Moist Pine Forests 3. Sub-tropical Dry Evergreen Forests.
6. LITTORAL AND SWAMP FORESTS-
Also referred to as 'Mangrove Forests'.
are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides or tidal creeks, deltaic regions, flood plains, marshes, lagoons, freshwater lakes, wetlands and estuaries.
The total area of Mangrove forests in India is 4,474 sq Km.
are found in the following regions of India-
Brahmaputra floodplains
In the cast saline expanses of Rajasthan, Gujrat and Gulf of kachchh.
The wetland marshes of Gangetic plains
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands