armand fizeau speed of light experiment
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He placed a kind of rotating wheel in front of a beam of light, and a mirror far away from these two things. The beam of light passes between two teeth of the rotating wheel, reaches the mirror and goes back from the original source. As the wheel is spinning very fast, during the time that the light has been travelling, the wheel has rotated a tiny bit, but enough to impede the passage of time through the point where it entered. Knowing the distance from the mirror as well as the speed at which the wheel is rotating, the speed of light can be easily calculated.
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The first terrestrial measurement of the speed of light was recorded by the French scientist Armand Fizeau (1819-1896) in 1849. ... The light passing between teeth of that wheel was then projected to a mirror at a distance of about 8 km, where it was collected and then reflected back to the point of origin.
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