Arrange in chronological order.
(1) Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj
(2) Raid on Lal Mahal
(3) Escape from Agra
(4) Coronation
(5) Treaty of Purandar
(6) Shaistakhan’s invasion
Answers
Answer:
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(1)Raid on Lal mahal
(2)Shaistakhan's invasion
(3)Treaty of Purandar
(4)Escape from Agra
(5)Coronation
(6)Southern camlaign of Shivaji Maharaj.
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Shaista Khan’s invasion
Raid on Lal Mahal
Treaty of Purandar
Escape from Agra
Coronation
Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj
Correct order: 6, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1
EXPLANATION:
Shivaji was united with the Mughal Empire until 1657. Now the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb sent his mother’s ' uncle Shaista Khan to attack Shivaji with an armed force of over 150,000 in January 1660 together with a strong artillery division. Shaista Khan advantaged that a bigger army of Mughal, better equipped and armed, would be in the city, seize the town of Pune and build his residence at the Lal Mahal Palace in Shivaji. Shivaji launched in April 1663, together with a small group of men, a surprise attack on Shaista Khan in Pune.
Aurangzeb was enraged by the attacks against Shaista Khan and Surat. He sent Mirza Rajput Raja Jai Singh I to Rajput with a military that had about 15,000 troops to defeat Shivaji. The Commander of the Mughal managed to lure several powerful officers, along with several of his cavalries, into service of the Mughal. Shivaji was forced to enter into agreements with Jai Singh in mid-1665 when the fortress at Purandar had been besieged and near captured. On 11 June 1665, Shivaji agreed to give up 23 of its fortifications, maintaining 12 for itself, and to pay compensation 400,000 gold huns to the Mughals.
During the Purandar Treaty signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh. Shivaji decided to become a Mughal Empire vassal, sending his son Sambhaji and five thousand horsemen as mansabdar to fight for the Mughals. In 1666, together with his nine year-old son Sambhaji, Aurangzeb appointed Shivaji to Agra (although some sources instead state Delhi). Aurangzeb’s strategy was that the Mughal Empire would be restored by Shivaji to Kandahar, now in Afghanistan. On 12 May 1666, however, Aurangzeb had Shivaji stand behind his tribunal military commanders.
Shivaji took offence and ran out of court, and was promptly arrested by Agra's Kotwal, Faulad Khan. Shivaji succeeded in fleeing Agra, possibly by bribing the guards; but after an investigation Aurangzeb could never discover how Shivaji had escaped. By his campaigns Shivaji had gained vast lands and wealth; but without formal title, he was still technically a Mughal zamindar or son of a jagirdar Bijapuri, with no legal basis to rule his own de facto territory. Some problems of other Maratha leaders to whom he was technically equivalent could also be answered by a kingly title. Shivaji was crowned Maratha Swaraj's or King in a lavish ceremony on 6th June 1674 at Raigad fort.
Shivaji appealed to a sense of Deccani patriotism that South Indian was a country which should be protected from foreigners in the run-up to his expedition. Shivaji visited Hyderabad a month and signed a deal with the Qutub Shah of the Sultanate of Golkonda in 1687 to reject its alliance with Bijapur and to oppose the Mughals together. His appeal had been somewhat successfully. In 1677 Shivaji invaded Karnataka, backed by Golkonda artillery, with 30,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry. From the south, Shivaji captured the forts of Gingee and Vellore and the latter, during the reign of his son Rajaram I, would become the capital of the Marathas.
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