· Arrange the following events in the correct sequence:
a) The Company established its first factory in Bengal.
b) When the puppet nawabs stopped helping the Company, it decided to establish its
own rule.
c) After the death of Aurangzeb, the nawabs of Bengal refused to grant concessions to
the Company
d) As the Company wanted a puppet ruler who would give trade concessions, it helped
Sirajuddaulah's rival become the Nawab of Bengal.
Answers
Answer:
In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting it the sole right to trade with the East, without competition from other British traders.
But that royal charter could not stop other European powers such as the Portuguese, Dutch, and French. And all those European companies wanted to buy the same things from India - fine qualities of cloth and spices.
As competition grew, profits fell, and the European trading companies started building forts and fighting each other.
With more business came more conflicts with Indian rulers, and it became difficult for the European traders to keep their business separate form Indian politics.
East India Company Begins Trade in Bengal
The first English factory was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in Bengal 1651. As their expanded, the East India Company convinced merchants and traders to come and settle near the factory.
By 1696, the Company began building a fort around the Hugli settlement. It also bribed Mughal officials into giving the Company Zamindari rights over three villages, one of which was Calcutta.
It also convinced the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to issue a farman, an official order, granting the Company the right to trade duty-free.
The employees of the Company also carried on their private trades, and so were expected to pay duty. But they refused, which angered the Nawab of Bengal, Murshid Quli Khan, and led to fierce battles.
How Trade Led to Battles
After the death of Aurangzeb, the Nawabs of Bengal, Murshid Quli Khan, Alivardi Khan, and Siraj Ud Daulah, one after another, refused to grant concessions to the Company.
The 1757 Battle of Plassey
In 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Siraj Ud Daulah at Plassey. THe COmpany won, and the main reason for the defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of his commanders, never fought the battle.
Clive had managed to secure the support of Mir Jafar by promising to make him nawab after crushing Siraj Ud Daulah. The battle of Plassey become famous because it was the first major victory the Company won in India.
But when Mir Jafar also could not prove himself a meek puppet ruler controlled by the British, the Company deposed him and installed Mir Qasim in his place.
And when Mir Qasim also complained, he was defeated in the Battle of Buxar in 1764, driven out of Bengal, and Mir Jafar was re-installed. But when Mir Jafar died the next year, in 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal, and the Company now began to exploit the vast revenue resources of Bengal.