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Wat iz Saponification
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Saponification is a process that involves conversion of fat, oil or lipid into soap and alcohol by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous alkali (e.g. NaOH).[copied from Google]
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Explanation:
Saponification
Soaps are an integral part to maintain good health and hygiene of the individuals. Soaps are essential to cleanse dirt and oil off the objects including skin surface. Soaps are widely used in bathing, cleaning, washing and in other household chores.
Saponification Definition
Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester with NaOH or KOH to give alcohol and sodium or potassium salt of the acid.
Soap is now an essential everyday item and finds its importance in everyday life. But, how is soap made? The process of making soap is called saponification. Here, the soap making process or saponification is discussed in a detailed and easy way.
Saponification
What is Saponification?
Saponification is simply the process of making soaps. Soaps are just potassium or sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids. During saponification, ester reacts with an inorganic base to produce alcohol and soap.
Generally, it occurs when triglycerides are reacted with potassium or sodium hydroxide (lye) to produce glycerol and fatty acid salt, called ‘soap’.
Saponification Reaction
Triglycerides are generally animal fats and vegetable oils. When they are reacted with sodium hydroxide, a hard form of soap is created. This is where potassium comes and creates a softer version of the soap.
The equation can be written as:
Ester + Base ————–> Alcohol + Soap
Saponification Reaction Mechanism
Orthoester formation:
Saponification Mechanism
Expulsion of carboxylic acid and alkoxide:
Saponification Mechanism
Creation of alcohol:
Saponification Mechanism
Example of a Saponification Reaction:
In a saponification reaction, a base (for example sodium hydroxide) reacts with any fat to form glycerol and soap molecules. One of the saponification reaction taking triglyceride as an ester and sodium hydroxide as the base is as follows:
Saponification
In this reaction, triglyceride reacts with sodium hydroxide (a strong base) and glycerol is produced (an acid) along with soap (sodium palmitate). Similarly, potassium soap can be formed if a strong potassium base (like KOH) is reacted with an ester. This reaction is as follows:
Saponification
It should be noted that for cleaning purposes, only potassium and sodium soaps are used. Based on the base used, soaps can either be hard soaps or soft soaps. In general, potassium soaps are soft and sodium soaps are hard. Visit cleansing action of soaps and detergents to know how dirt is removed from objects.
1-Step Saponification vs 2-Step Saponification
There can be either one-step saponification or two-step saponification process to convert triglycerides to soaps. The examples mentioned above are a one-step saponification process in which triglycerides, when treated with a strong base, splits from the ester bond to release glycerol and soaps (i.e. fatty acid salts).
On the other hand, in the two-step saponification process, the steam hydrolysis of the triglyceride yields glycerol and carboxylic acid (rather than its salt). In the second step, alkali neutralizes fatty acid to produce soap.
Saponification Value
Saponification value or saponification number refers to the amount of base that is required to saponify a fat sample. Generally, saponification values are listed in KOH and so, saponification value can also be defined as that value which represents the number of milligrams required to saponify 1 gram of fat under the specified conditions.
In case sodium hydroxide is used for the saponification process, the saponification value must be converted from potassium to sodium by dividing the KOH values by the ratio of the molecular weights of KOH and NaOH.
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