art and architecture of the harappan civilisation
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The Harappan culture blossomed as the first urban civilization of ancient India. Each of its facets was unique in artistic creativity. The uniqueness of its art and architecture is traceable in everything ranging from the fort and buildings up to its earthenware and metal products. A developed sculptural standard of exquisite beauty is discernible in the Harappan culture.
Fort buildings, bath, etc.:
Magnificent was the architectural style of the fort and buildings of the Harappan culture. The fort on high and looked majestic and the groupings of buildings and their decorated interiors, marvellous. Artistically laid out were the drawing and retiring rooms, the kitchen and the bath. Burnt bricks were used in all constructions. The bricks varied in sizes from 20 inches x 8 inches and 9 inches x 4 inches. Covered drains are another specialty of Harappan architecture. The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro and the port at Lothal still pay rich tributes to the architectural expertise of Harappan culture.
Pillars:
A rich column of big pillars supporting houses are found in Harappan culture. This is another of its unique heritages bequeathed to the posterity. The Harappan granary is a silent testimony to it.
Earthenware:
One of its principal attractions even throughout the world then was the Harappan earthenware pots and decorative pieces. Trays of different sizes, cups, cooking pots and other earthenware’s dazzle others by the workmanship of the Harappan potters. The hand then whirled the pottery-wheel came to rule the posterity.
Sculpture:
The artisans and sculptors of Harappan culture were equally competent. Precious stones were hewn into beads to be worn as necklace. Stone images of human beings also could be sculpted by them. A partially damaged image of a bearded human figure sculpted on lime-stone and discovered from Mohenjo-Daro has also the unique feature of no moustache on the upper lip which appears highly smooth.
The beard is styled majestically on the image. The leaves sculpted on the upper garment on the left shoulder of the image are of beautiful symmetry. Another damaged piece of stone sculpture from the Harappan region faintly resembles Natraj Shiva because of the dance-posture of the sculpted image. From these examples it is clear that the Harappan sculptors were talented and highly creative.
Metal works:
In metal works, too, the Harappan culture sealed great heights. They knew how to make different pots, flower-vases and images of human beings, animals and birds in copper and bronze. A bronze statue of a female dancer, recovered from Mohenjo-Daro, speaks volumes for the finish and fineness of their metal work
This image is 1.5 centimeters. The right hand rests on the waist and the left hand dangles down to rest on the left knee. It is a specimen of the then dance-art. Their metal works include items like cases, vermilion stick, fish-hook etc.
Burnt clay:
They also prepared many articles out of burnt clay. Outstanding among these are the ox, monkey, sheep, dog, birds, cart and female figures. The female figures are richly ornamented. The making of images out of burnt clay was a folk-craft, that depicts their high artistic sense.
Seals and Sealing’s:
The seals and sealing system also allude to their rich artistic sense. Seals discovered at Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal and elsewhere depict on them images of ox, deer, rhino and other animals. These convey not only their artistic sense but also a knowledge of the animal world. Every facet of the urban life was reflected in the art and architecture of the Harappan culture. Every artist acquitted himself to his art with credit, competence and creativity. Posterity still looks on them with awe and admiration.
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