art integrated project paired with Uttrakhand pls project should be interdisciplinary and as per discussed in class Topic of project
Impact of covid-19 on uttrakhand
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The Himalaya has been venerated by communities since antiquity and hence visited by a large number of pilgrims for paying tribute, annually. Uttarakhand state in the Indian Himalaya being the place of major Hindu shrines like Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri and Yamunotri and also the place of origin of many sacred rivers including the Ganges, at present, is best known for the religious tourism. Though, the state population is about 10 million, over 25 million tourists visited here in 2011 despite the fact that the state remains under frequent natural hazards in the forms of landslides, earthquakes and flash floods mainly during monsoon. Recently, on 16 and 17 June 2013, the torrential downpour and subsequent flooding had wreaked havoc that not only swallowed vast swathes of Uttarakhand but also took life of thousands of pilgrims and tourists. The cloudburst, heavy rainfall and subsequent landslides are the natural disasters but this disaster in Uttarakhand is mainly attributed by masses as a man-made disaster due to unregulated tourism and unplanned construction. In this background, the major aim of this study is to explore and review the factors responsible for increased intensity and scale of disaster due to flash floods in the Uttarakhand state of India. The paper also reviews and discusses various options for disaster risk reductions in the sensitive ecosystem such as the Himalaya.
Precipitation is difficult to measure accurately in mountainous areas (Barros and Lettenmaier, 1994;Fang et al., 2013), particularly within very high and rugged mountains, such as in the Indian Himalaya (Barros et al., 2000;Bookhagen and Burbank, 2006;Burbank et al., 2012;Wulf et al., 2010). The need for measuring intense spatially-confined rainfall events in the Indian Himalaya is great because these events can generate (simultaneous) multiple hazards including large landslides, flash floods, landslide lake outburst floods (LLOFs), glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), and debris flows (Ziegler et al., 2014;Sati and Gahalaut, 2013;Kala, 2014). Landslides and LLOFs occur frequently in regions marked by faults, thrusts, and steep gradient streams in the Indian Himalaya (Wasson et al., 2013). ...
... In a recent example in June 2013, Uttarakhand, a state in North India, witnessed a compound hazard consisting of a large flash flood, hundreds of shallow landslides, numerous LLOFs and a small GLOF in the Mandakini Catchment, which is located in the Upper Ganga Catchment (Kala, 2014;Sati and Gahalaut, 2013;Ziegler et al., 2014). The trigger of these cascading hazards was extreme rain falling over a 2-day period that totalled an estimated 300 mm of rainfall (Kala, 2014;Sati and Gahalaut, 2013;Dobhal et al., 2013). ...
... In a recent example in June 2013, Uttarakhand, a state in North India, witnessed a compound hazard consisting of a large flash flood, hundreds of shallow landslides, numerous LLOFs and a small GLOF in the Mandakini Catchment, which is located in the Upper Ganga Catchment (Kala, 2014;Sati and Gahalaut, 2013;Ziegler et al., 2014). The trigger of these cascading hazards was extreme rain falling over a 2-day period that totalled an estimated 300 mm of rainfall (Kala, 2014;Sati and Gahalaut, 2013;Dobhal et al., 2013).
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