artical on child marriage
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Answer:
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Explanation:
Child marriages are prevalent in India. Estimates vary widely between sources as to the extent and scale of child marriages. The International Center for Research on Women-UNICEF publications have estimated India's child marriage rate to be 47% from a sample surveys of 1998,[1] while the United Nations reports it to be 30% in 2005.[2] The Census of India has counted and reported married women by age, with proportion of females in child marriage falling in each 10 year census period since 1981. In its 2001 census report, India stated zero married girls below the age of 10, 1.4 million married girls out of 59.2 million girls aged 10–14, and 11.3 million married girls out of 46.3 million girls aged 15–19.[3] Times of India reported that 'since 2001, child marriage rates in India have fallen by 46% between 2005 and 2009.[4]Jharkhand is the state with highest child marriage rates in India (14.1%), while Kerala is the only state where child marriage rates have increased in recent years.[4][5] Jammu and Kashmir was reported to be the only state with lowest child marriage cases at 0.4% in 2009.[4] Rural rates of child marriages were three times higher than urban India rates in 2009.[4]
Child marriage was outlawed in 1929, under Indian law. However, in the British colonial times, the legal minimum age of marriage was set at 14 for girls and 18 for boys. Under protests from Muslim organizations in the undivided British India, a personal law Shariat Act was passed in 1937 that allowed child marriages with consent from girl's guardian.[6] After independence and adoption of Indian constitution in 1950, the child marriage act has undergone several revisions. The minimum legal age for marriage, since 1978, has been 18 for women and 21 for men. The child marriage prevention laws have been challenged in Indian courts,[6] with some Muslim Indian organizations seeking no minimum age and that the age matter be left to their personal law.[7][8] Child marriage is an active political subject as well as a subject of continuing cases under review in the highest courts of India.[7]