article on 'Global Warming'
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Global mean surface-temperature change from 1880 to 2017, relative to the 1951–1980 mean. The 1951–1980 mean is 14.19 °C (57.54 °F).[1] The black line is the global annual mean, and the red line is the five-year local regression line. The blue uncertainty bars show a 95% confidence interval.
Future CO2 projections, including all forcing agents' atmospheric CO2-equivalent concentrations (in parts-per-million-by-volume (ppmv)) according to four RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways).
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate changeshown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the warming.[2][3]The term commonly refers to the mainly human-caused observed warming since pre-industrial times and its projected continuation,[4]though there were also much earlier periods of global warming.[5] In the modern context the terms are commonly used interchangeably,[6]but global warmingmore specifically relates to worldwide surface temperature increases; while climate change is any regional or global statistically identifiable persistent change in the state of climate which lasts for decades or longer, including warming or cooling.[7][8]Many of the observed warming changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record, and in historical and paleoclimate proxy records of climate change over thousands to millions of years.[2]
In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Reportconcluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century."[9]The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gasessuch as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. In view of the dominant role of human activity in causing it, the phenomenon is sometimes called "anthropogenicglobal warming" or "anthropogenicclimate change". Climate modelprojections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) to 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) depending on the rate of greenhouse gas emissions.[10]These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations[11][a] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.[13][14]
Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region.[15][16]Ongoing and anticipated effectsinclude rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics.[17]Future warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weatherevents such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, heavy rainfall with floods, and heavy snowfall;[18] ocean acidification; and massive extinctions of species due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areasdue to rising sea levels.[19][20]Because the climate system has a large "inertia" and greenhouse gases will remain in the atmosphere for a long time, many of these effects will persist for not only decades or centuries, but tens of thousands of years.[21]
Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),[22]whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.[23]Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required[24] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) compared to pre-industrial levels,[b] with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).[26] Some scientists call into question climate adaptation feasibility, with higher emissions scenarios,[27] or the two degree temperature target.[28]
Global mean surface-temperature change from 1880 to 2017, relative to the 1951–1980 mean. The 1951–1980 mean is 14.19 °C (57.54 °F).[1] The black line is the global annual mean, and the red line is the five-year local regression line. The blue uncertainty bars show a 95% confidence interval.
Future CO2 projections, including all forcing agents' atmospheric CO2-equivalent concentrations (in parts-per-million-by-volume (ppmv)) according to four RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways).
Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate changeshown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects of the warming.[2][3]The term commonly refers to the mainly human-caused observed warming since pre-industrial times and its projected continuation,[4]though there were also much earlier periods of global warming.[5] In the modern context the terms are commonly used interchangeably,[6]but global warmingmore specifically relates to worldwide surface temperature increases; while climate change is any regional or global statistically identifiable persistent change in the state of climate which lasts for decades or longer, including warming or cooling.[7][8]Many of the observed warming changes since the 1950s are unprecedented in the instrumental temperature record, and in historical and paleoclimate proxy records of climate change over thousands to millions of years.[2]
In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Reportconcluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century."[9]The largest human influence has been the emission of greenhouse gasessuch as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. In view of the dominant role of human activity in causing it, the phenomenon is sometimes called "anthropogenicglobal warming" or "anthropogenicclimate change". Climate modelprojections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) to 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) depending on the rate of greenhouse gas emissions.[10]These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations[11][a] and are not disputed by any scientific body of national or international standing.[13][14]
Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region.[15][16]Ongoing and anticipated effectsinclude rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics.[17]Future warming is expected to be greater over land than over the oceans and greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weatherevents such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, heavy rainfall with floods, and heavy snowfall;[18] ocean acidification; and massive extinctions of species due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areasdue to rising sea levels.[19][20]Because the climate system has a large "inertia" and greenhouse gases will remain in the atmosphere for a long time, many of these effects will persist for not only decades or centuries, but tens of thousands of years.[21]
Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),[22]whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.[23]Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required[24] and that global warming should be limited to well below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) compared to pre-industrial levels,[b] with efforts made to limit warming to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F).[26] Some scientists call into question climate adaptation feasibility, with higher emissions scenarios,[27] or the two degree temperature target.[28]
Abhisheksingh563:
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sry but it's copy paste, right? next time add the sources
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Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries. Climate scientists have since the mid-20th century gathered detailed observations of various weatherphenomena (such as temperatures, precipitation, and storms) and of related influences on climate (such as ocean currents and the atmosphere’s chemical composition). These data indicate that Earth’s climate has changed over almost every conceivable timescale since the beginning of geologic time and that the influence of human activities since at least the beginning of the Industrial Revolution has been deeply woven into the very fabric of climate change...
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