Article on indian biodiversity and its conservation
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Human beings are the most omniscient of all the species found on the planet earth. With the advancement of science and technology, they are becoming more and more powerful and influencing the natural environment to a much greater extent in most parts of the world. The natural resources are depleting rapidly but the human needs are still increasing.
If the demands keep on increasing in this way, soon there will be nothing left for future use. Land use change, deforestation, biodiversity loss and modification of ecosystem are some of the adverse impacts of increasing human demands. Though, resources are renewable as long as rate of resource use does not exceed the rate of renewability and environmental conditions are favourable.
With this, the concept of conservation came into the picture. Conservation aims at preserving our natural resources in such a manner that the present needs are fulfilled and the future needs are taken care of. It gives due attention to growing needs of population at present and in future. Also, it emphasizes the sustainable utilization of the present biological resources so that these are made available for future generations also.
The concept of conservation and management of biodiversity is not a new phenomenon in human society. It dates back to inception of human civilization itself. In fact, it is as ancient as human civilization itself. It has always been the integral part of people’s life of the country as wise use of natural resources was a prerequisite for primitive human societies.
It is still in practice in many traditional societies which are still least exposed to new technological world such as tribal societies of high Himalayan regions. However, recent technological development, ever-increasing human population and the culture of over consumerism have drastically disturbed the balance between natural rates of speciation and extinction of biodiversity across the world. Human population has increased upto such a great extent that it has led to extinction of many species.
The extraction of biomass resources such as fuel wood, timber and fodder has now crossed the carrying capacity of natural resource-rich regions (Reid et al., 1990). Extensive clearances of forests, expansion of agricultural land, built-up land and road network have become worldwide phenomenon.
This has resulted in loss of biodiversity in particular and severe alteration of evolutionary process of ecosystem and environment in general. Introduction of roads in natural areas has further aggravated the problem. It has exposed deep, interior and extremely inaccessible areas of mountains such as Himalayas for further erosion of biodiversity. In most of the cases, roads themselves have become the cause of biodiversity loss.
If the demands keep on increasing in this way, soon there will be nothing left for future use. Land use change, deforestation, biodiversity loss and modification of ecosystem are some of the adverse impacts of increasing human demands. Though, resources are renewable as long as rate of resource use does not exceed the rate of renewability and environmental conditions are favourable.
With this, the concept of conservation came into the picture. Conservation aims at preserving our natural resources in such a manner that the present needs are fulfilled and the future needs are taken care of. It gives due attention to growing needs of population at present and in future. Also, it emphasizes the sustainable utilization of the present biological resources so that these are made available for future generations also.
The concept of conservation and management of biodiversity is not a new phenomenon in human society. It dates back to inception of human civilization itself. In fact, it is as ancient as human civilization itself. It has always been the integral part of people’s life of the country as wise use of natural resources was a prerequisite for primitive human societies.
It is still in practice in many traditional societies which are still least exposed to new technological world such as tribal societies of high Himalayan regions. However, recent technological development, ever-increasing human population and the culture of over consumerism have drastically disturbed the balance between natural rates of speciation and extinction of biodiversity across the world. Human population has increased upto such a great extent that it has led to extinction of many species.
The extraction of biomass resources such as fuel wood, timber and fodder has now crossed the carrying capacity of natural resource-rich regions (Reid et al., 1990). Extensive clearances of forests, expansion of agricultural land, built-up land and road network have become worldwide phenomenon.
This has resulted in loss of biodiversity in particular and severe alteration of evolutionary process of ecosystem and environment in general. Introduction of roads in natural areas has further aggravated the problem. It has exposed deep, interior and extremely inaccessible areas of mountains such as Himalayas for further erosion of biodiversity. In most of the cases, roads themselves have become the cause of biodiversity loss.
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