Question

Article on modernization and its effects on the youth

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The impact of the West on India, following Alatas, can be dis­cussed in five phases. The first phase is that of hostile contact with the conquest of Alexander, etc., followed by contact of peaceful interchange as the result of trade and commerce of successive centuries. The second phase began by the end of the fifteenth century when Vasco de Gama ar­rived with his ships at Calicut in 1498 A.D. Within a few years, the Portuguese occupied Goa.

But the effect of these westerners was relatively restricted. The third phase began when East India Company established its rule in the beginning of the eighteenth century and later on the British rule was established in the country by the middle of the eighteenth cen­tury. This was the first step in the expansion of western culture in India. The fourth phase commenced with the beginning of the nineteenth cen­tury following the industrial revolution. With the economic exploitation of India by the British as source of raw materials, began the spread and dominance of western culture in social and cultural fields too. The fifth and the last phase began after the political independence of the country in 1947.

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What has been the impact of the western culture on our society in terms of effect on our culture and our social systems?

The impact may be briefly described as follows:

(1) Western institutions like banking system, public administration, military organisation, modern medicine, law, etc., were introduced in our country.

(2) Western education broadened the outlook of the people who started talking of their rights and freedom. The introduction of the new val­ues, the rational and secular spirit, and the ideologies of individualism, equality and justice assumed great importance.