article on neighbourhood
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Neighbourhood, immediate geographical area surrounding a family’s place of residence, bounded by physical features of the environment such as streets, rivers, train tracks, and political divisions. Neighbourhoods also typically involve a strong social component, characterized by social interaction between neighbours, a sense of shared identity, and similar demographic characteristics such as life stage and socioeconomic status.The American sociologist William Julius Wilson has been influential in focusing research attention on the role of neighbourhoods in human development through his theory of the “new urban poor.” Wilson argues that the experience of poverty is more detrimental to poor families and youth since the late 20th century than it was in the past owing to changes in the structure of the neighbourhoods in which such families live. Today, poverty is more highly concentrated, and thus the poor tend to reside in neighbourhoods composed mostly of other poor families. That concentration of poverty and the adult joblessness that accompanies it lead to the social isolation of poor children from role models of mainstream routes to success, such as higher education and stable employment, and make alternative and frequently deviant routes more appealing.
Other researchers have demonstrated that poor neighbourhoods are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes throughout a person’s life. Their influence begins at birth, with neighbourhoods found to be significantly related to low birth weight and high infant mortality and to characteristics typically thought to represent genetic or innate differences or traits, such as lower intelligence quotient (IQ) and poor temperament.