Question

article on problems of slums .
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Answer 1

Answer:

The distortion of the rural urban continuum during the British colonialism was mani­fested in terms of the segmentation of cities into blocks, wards and colonies, whereby people belonging to similar socio economic brackets, when newly migrated to urban centres, came to live together.

The poor were pushed out to urban peripheries or marginal lands within the cities, resulting in the growth of slums. This spatial segregation of the rich and the poor made it easier for the government as well as private agencies to determine the level and quality of basic amenities to match the affordability of the local community or the power structure and, thereby, effectively, institutionalize the disparity.The population distribution is uneven, with cities like Delhi and Mumbai being more densely populated than the rest of the cities or towns. The rapid increase in India’s city population (presently around 28 per cent) has resulted in the growth of slums or squatter settlements resulting in serious social, economic and environmental problems. About 20 to 25 per cent of India’s urban families live in slums, squatter settlements or refugee colonies due to the non-availability of affordable habitat in modern urban settlements.

According to the 2001 Census, the percentage of slum population in million plus cities was the highest in Mumbai (48.88 per cent). The magnitude of slum population needing attention increased from about 33.1 million in 1985, to over 35 million in the early 1990s and to over 40 million in 2001. The percentage of urban households living in recognized slums is the highest in Maharashtra (25.4 per cent), followed by Orissa (19.1 per cent), Arunachal Pradesh (18.2 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (18.1 per cent) and West Bengal (17.6 per cent).