Question

Article :-

TOPIC :- BIODIESEL​

Answer 1

Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., vegetable oil, soybean oil,[1] animal fat (tallow[2][3])) with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.

Biodiesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used alone, or blended with petrodiesel in any proportions.[1] Biodiesel blends can also be used as heating oil.

The National Biodiesel Board (USA) also has a technical definition of "biodiesel" as a mono-alkyl ester.[4]

Blends

Biodiesel sample

Blends of biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel are products most commonly distributed for use in the retail diesel fuel marketplace. Much of the world uses a system known as the "B" factor to state the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix:[5]

100% biodiesel is referred to as B100

20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20[1]

5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5

2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2

Blends of 20% biodiesel and lower can be used in diesel equipment with no, or only minor modifications,[6] although certain manufacturers do not extend warranty coverage if equipment is damaged by these blends. The B6 to B20 blends are covered by the ASTM D7467 specification.[7] Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form (B100), but may require certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problems.[8] Blending B100 with petroleum diesel may be accomplished by:

Mixing in tanks at manufacturing point prior to delivery to tanker truck

Splash mixing in the tanker truck (adding specific percentages of biodiesel and petroleum diesel)

In-line mixing, two components arrive at tanker truck simultaneously.

Metered pump mixing, petroleum diesel and biodiesel meters are set to X total volume, transfer pump pulls from two points and mix is complete on leaving pump.

Answer 2

Biodiesel:

It is used as low carbon alternative fuel.

It is produced from:

$\implies$ Animal fats

$\implies$ Vegetable oils

$\implies$ Waste cooking oils

That is by reacting it with alcohol to produce fatty acid esters.

The oil may come from crops like:

$\implies$ Rapeseed 

$\implies$ Soyabean

$\implies$ Palm  

Having a great potential for biodiesel production.

It can be used as fuel, in its pure form and it is blended with other materials such as hydrocarbons.