As a tsunami slows down it gets taller as a tsunami approaches the shore
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Consequently, as the tsunami's speed diminishes as it travels into shallower water, its height grows. Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea, may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast.
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Many of us imagine tsunamis as tall, surf-like waves, but in the deep ocean, their amplitude is actually quite small. Tsunamis get much taller as they approach the continental shelf and coastline. This process is known as shoaling, and the devastation caused by tsunamis is linked to how high they shoal. By looking at the fundamental wave characteristics of tsunamis in deep and shallow water, we can understand why shoaling happens.
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