As water begins to boil in a kettle, the hotter water at the bottom of the kettle closest to the stove begins to rise and the cooler water above sinks and warms. This is an example of
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Answer:
When we increase the temperature of water (we are not talking about ice and water as the density of water increases from 273.15K to 277.15 K, and then start decreasing) its density decreases due to more inter-molecular spaces between the molecules. With increase in temperature the kinetic energy of molecules increases which increases space and thus density decreases (volume increases).
Thus hotter water is less dense and rise up while cooler water is more dense and sinks down.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Boiling it down to the bubbles: It is about heat transfer
This week, comments from guest blogger and International Space Station Associate Program Scientist Tara Ruttley, Ph.D., as she reflects on the physical science of boiling in space.
If you don’t think of yourself as the type of person who could ever be interested in physics, let’s boil this down.
You’re hungry. It’s pasta time. Your pot of water is on the stove, you’ve turned on the maximum heat, and the wait for boiling begins. You are staring impatiently at the pot when the water looks like it’s starting to swirl. You’re anxious to see the bubbles that signify that you can put your pasta into that water. But what do those bubbles tell you and what makes them the key indicator of perfect pasta water temperature?

On Earth, water boils via natural convection.
(Image courtesy of Markus Schweiss via Wikipedia)
To simplify a bit, boiling is actually a very efficient heat transfer process and, in this case, boiling transfers the heat from the fire on your stove to the water that will cook your pasta. It seems straight-forward enough here on Earth: you turn on the burner, wait a few minutes, and when all those small bubbles appear, you’re ready to get cooking.
As you wait for your pot of water to boil, there is a complex process going on in there. First, the liquid on the bottom of the pot closest to the heat source starts to get hot; as it does, it rises. The rising hot water is replaced by the cooler, more dense water molecules. The water molecules in your pot continually exchange in this way, thanks to gravity, eventually warming the entire pot of liquid. This is known as natural convection—the movement of molecules through fluid—which is a primary method of heat (and mass) transfer.