Assertion: An indicator is a chemical substance that indicates the nature of substances by means of sharp change in colour or in odour.
Reason: Onion has a characteristic pungent smell. In basic solutions the smell of onion cannot be detected. An acidic solution does not destroy the smell of onions.
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion. (ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(iii) A is true but R false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
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Answer: (a) Indicators are substances that show a distinct change (colour or odour) simultaneous to a change in concentration of ions such as H+ and OH- ions. Examples: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein and litmus solution. (b) A purple dye is extracted from a plant called lichen.
Sulphuric acid: Red
Soda water: Orange yellow
Potassium hydroxide: Dark purple
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