Question

Assertion:Most of the α (alpha) particles passed through Gold foil in Rutherford’s

experiment.

Reason: According to Rutherford, electrons revolve round the Nucleus.​

Answer 1

Rutherford's Model:

• Rutherford's Atomic Model is based on α - ray scattering experiment.

• The existence of Nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherford by the Experiment of α - ray Scattering. Hence this is also called as Nuclear Model.

Postulats:

• Most of the atom is Hallow.

• All the positive charges and mass of the atom is concentrated at the centre of the Spherical Atom which was known as Nucleus.

• Size of Nucleus is one lakh part of size of an atom.

• The Positive charge of the nucleus is counter balanced by the negatively charged electrons revolving around the nucleus.

• Since, This model is also known as Planetary or Solar Model.

• With the help of Electrostatic Force the Electron and The Nucleus held together.

• For concreteness, consider the passage of a high speed α particle through an atom having a positive central charge N e, and surrounded by a compensating charge of N electrons.

• The atom itself is about 100,000 (105) times the diameter of the nucleus.This could be related to putting a grain of sand in the middle of a football field.
• The atom's electron cloud does not influence alpha particle scattering.

Drawbacks:

• It cannot explain the line spectrum of hydrogen

• It is against to laws of electro dynamics. Hence this model cannot explain the stability of atom.

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