Question

Asses the reign of the great kushana king kanishka?

Answer 1

Some traces remain of the presence of the Kushan in the area of Bactria and Sogdiana. Archaeological structures are know in Takht-I-Sangin, Surkh Kotal and in the palace of Khalchayan. Various sculptures and friezes are known, representing horse-riding archers, and significantly men with artificially deformed skulls, such as the Kushan prince of Khalchayan, a practice well attested in nomadic Central Asia. The greatest Kushana ruler was Kanishka. He ruled from A.D. 78 to A.D. 120. He started the Saka Era which commenced in A.D. 78. His capital was Purushapura or Peshawar. He constructed a city called Kanishkapuram. Kanishka conquered Kashmir. His most important campaign was against China. He crossed the Pamirs and defeated the Chinese. He conquered Khotan, Yarkhand and Kashgar. He also defeated the Saka rulers of Malwa and Gujarat. Kanishka must have defeated the ruler of Magadha and took Ashvaghosha, the great Buddhist Philospher with him. Kanishka patronized Charaka. He was a doctor. He was also a scholar well versed in many Sastras. He wrote the Charaka Samhita. It deals with medicine. His works became popular later in Persia and Arabia. Another medical scholar, Susruta also belonged to Kanishka’s time. He has written the Susruta Samhita. It is devoted to surgery. It mentions a large variety of surgical instruments. It became famous in Arabia and Cambodia. A new school of sculpture developed during Kanishka’s time. It is called Gandhara Sculpture. This sculpture is Buddhist, and the characteristic works are statues and relief’s. The sculpture bears Greek influence, but the subject in Indian. It is also called as the Gandhara School of Indian art. During Kanishka’s rule, he built many monuments. They were built at Kanishkapura, Peshawar, Mathura and Taxila.


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