Assignment - History -- Chapter-2-Class IX
SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
1) Who were Liberals, Conservatives and radicals? Discuss their ideology?
2) Differentiate between the ideology of socialists, liberals, and the radicals.
3) Describe few features of the Russian economy and society at the beginning of the
20th century.
4) Why socialist regarded the private property as the root cause of all social evils?
Answers
Answer:
1)Liberals:
It was a group of a Russian society which wanted to change Russia & wanted a nation which tolerated all religions all religions.
They did not believed in universal adult franchise and felt that men of property should mainly habe the right to vote.
Radicals:
Radicals were a group of people who wanted a nation in which the government was based on majority of country’s population.
Conservatives:
They were a group of people who opposed the radicals and the liberals and believed that the past had to be respected and a change had to be brought through a slow process.
2)i) Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country's population.
(ii) Liberals did not believe in universal adult franchise. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. But radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
(iii) Liberals did not want the vote for women. On the other hand, many radicals supported women's suffragette movement.
3)⇒Before the revolution of 1905 russia was an absolute monarchy. The rich mobility had built enormous houses and palaces on vast estates,whilst the poor had jobs like barge pulling. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class.
⇒Economy of the country was poor. The industrialisation introduced by the government did not help workers who were exploited. ⇒There was no political representation in russia that is russia was politically backward during thirteenth century.
4)The views of the socialists on private property with special emphasis on Karl Marx were as follows:
(i) By the mid-19th century in Europe, socialism was a popular body of ideas. Socialists were against private property. The saw it as the root of all social evils.
ii) Socialists favoured society as a whole rather than single individually owned property. More attention would be paid to collective social interests.
(iii) Marx said that in capitalism, factories were owned by the capitalists and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. But the worker had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property.
(iv) Marx suggested that to free themselves from the capitalist exploitation, we workers had to construct a radically socialist society. In socialist society, all property was socially controlled.
(v) Mar believed that workers would triumph in their conflict with capitalists and there should be dictatorship of the proletariat. This Communist society is the natural society of the future.
The socialists formed the international body, viz, the 'Second International' to coordinate their efforts.
Explanation:
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