Assignment questions _ answers
1.Which modern equipments are used by Indian farmers to produce crops?
2.Write two merits and two demerits of green revolution.
3.Who works as labour for medium and large farmers? what they get as wages?
4.Name any five non farming activities.
5.Distinguish between modern and traditional farming methods.
6.What is meaning of production and explain its factors ?
7.Distinguish between rabi and kharif crops .
8. What is multiple cropping how does help in farmers prosperity?
9. How is land distributed among farmers of palampur?
10. What do medium and large farmers do with surplus yield?
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Answers
Answer:
1. The most common types of equipment and machinery used on farms include tractors, balers, combines, plows, mowers, planters and sprayers.
2. Merits:
1. higher yield
2.Machines made for ploughing harvesting easy.
Demerits:
1. Loss of fertility with chemical fertiliser.
2. Use of tubewells reduce the water tables.
3. Small farmers along with their families cultivate their own fields. Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields. So farm labourers work on medium and large farms. Wages can be in cash or in king e.g. crop. Whatever they get as wages is always less than the minimum wages fixed by the government due to competition between labourers. Sometimes labourers get meals also.
4. Non farming activities include: diary, small-scale industries, shop-keeping, transport, and handicrafts.
5. a. Traditional methods of agriculture and age old equipments are used in this kind of farming. For example, the plowing in the field is done by a pair of bullocks. (Traditional) Advanced technology and modern methods of farming are used in this kind of farming. For example, in modern farming field is plowed by tractors. Further, many machines like harvesters, seed drills, threshers are used in later stages of production. (Modern)
b.The production is low as low yield seeds are used and manures and cow dung are used as fertilizers. (Traditional) The production is high as high yield varieties (HVY) of seeds are used. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are used in large quantities. (Modern)
c.It requires a great amount of labour and hence many job opportunities are provided to the agricultural workers. (Traditional) Since most of the work is carried out by large machines, the job opportunities to the agricultural workers are comparatively less. (Modern)
d.Since the traditional seeds need less irrigation, the dependence on irrigational facilities is less. (Traditional) Since the HYV seeds need to be irrigated extensively, the dependence on irrigational facilities is far more. Hence more water resources are required. (Modern)
e.Traditional farming is more environmental friendly as less water is required for irrigation and natural fertilizers are used. (Traditional) It is not environment friendly as extensive irrigation leads to the lowering of water table in the areas located near by the field. Extensive use of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides affect the quality of crops. (Modern)
6. Production is the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured. its factors include: land, labour, physical capital and human capital.
7. a. Kharif crops are the crops which are sown at the beginning of the rainy season, e.g. between April and May. (Kharif Crops) Rabi crops are the crops that are sown at the end of monsoon or at the beginning of winter season, e.g. between September and October. (Rabi Crops)
b. These crops are known as monsoon crops. (Kharif Crops) These crops are also known as winter or spring crops. (Rabi Crops)
c. These crops depend on the rainfall patterns. (Kharif Crops) These crops are not affected by the rainfall. (Rabi Crops)
d. Major Kharif crops are rice, maize, cotton, jowar, bajra etc. (Kharif Crops) Major Rabi crops are wheat, gram, peas, barley etc.
e. It requires a lot of water and hot weather to grow. (Kharif Crops) A warm climate is required for seed germination and cold climate for the growth of crops. (Rabi Crops)
f. Flowering requires shorter day length. (Kharif Crops) Flowering requires longer day length. (Rabi Crops)
g. Harvesting months from September to October. (Kharif Crops) Harvesting months from March to April.(Rabi Crops)
8. Multiple cropping mean growing of more than two crops in a same field or land in same season . It helps in increasing the production of different crop in same land. more production means more benefits and more income. Multiple cropping also increases fertility of land. It reduces the use of fertilizers. It also decreases the crop effect with any insect or disease.
9. LAND is the most important factor of production:
a. There are 450 families in the village PALAMPUR and 75% of the population is dependent on farming.
b. Out of 450 families, 150 families are landless, most of them are dalits and have no land for cultivation.
c. The other remaining families own the majority of land, 240 cultivate small plots of land. Cultivation of such plots doesn't bring adequate income to the farmers family.
10. Medium and large farmers retain a part of their produce and sell the surplus in the market. This provides them with the required capital for farming. Most of them even use these earnings to provide loans to small farmers. By charging high rates of interest on these loans, they succeed in furthering their earnings.