At atmospheric pressure if water potential of a solution is psi_(w)= -2 bar.then what happen when external pressure applied on the solution :-
(1) psi_(w) increases
(2) psi_(w) decreases
(3) psi_(w) no change
(4) psi_(w)= -3 bar
Answers
Answer:
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Power Water Networks
Hydraulic power transmission is very efficient compared to electricity when it is used to operate powerful but infrequently used machines.
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During the second half of the nineteenth century, water motors were widely used in Europe and America. These small water turbines were connected to the tap and could power any machine that is now driven by electricity. As we have seen in a previous article, operating motors with tap water was not very sustainable. Because of the low and irregular water pressure of the town mains, these motors used unacceptably high amounts of drinking water.
While the use of water motors in the US came to an end early in the twentieth century, the Europeans found a solution for the high water use of water motors and took hydraulic power transmission one step further. They set up special “power water” networks, which distributed water under pressure for motive power purposes only, and switched to a much higher and more regular water pressure, made possible by the invention of the hydraulic accumulator.
Almost all these power water networks remained in service until the 1960s and 1970s. Hydraulic power transmission is very efficient compared to electricity when it is used to operate powerful but infrequently used machines, which can be distributed over a geographical area the size of a city.
Image: A hydraulic accumulator. Picture: Les Chatfield
“The use of water is a curiously neglected subject in the literature of engineering. As a romantic or popular facet of engineering, hydraulic power has never caught the public eye like the steam engine, the locomotive or even the internal combustion engine.” Ian McNeil, Hydraulic Power, 1972
The theoretical basis for hydraulic power transmission was laid in 1647 by French whizz-kid Blaise Pascal. By means of experiments, he discovered that water — unlike air — is virtually incompressible and transmits pressure equally in all directions.
The implications of the “hydrostatic paradox” were demonstrated in Pascal’s “machine for multiplying forces”, illustrated below. It consists of two upright cylinders, connected together by a pipe. The whole system is filled with water and sealed water-tight. One cylinder contains a small diameter plunger, while the other cylinder contains a plunger that has a cross-sectional area 100 times larger.
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Machine for multiplying forces.
Pascal demonstrated that if a weight is placed on top of the small piston, it will be able to raise a weight placed on top of the larger piston that is 100 times heavier. Pascal’s machine thus allowed forces to be multiplied — in the .
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I hope it will help you
Answer: (1) psi_(w) increases
Explanation:
The water potential of pure water or a solution increases on the application of pressure values greater than atmospheric pressure.
For example, when water diffuses into a plant cell, it causes pressure to form up against the cell wall. This makes the cell wall swollen. This pressure is known as pressure potential and has a positive value.
Therefore, at atmospheric pressure if water potential of a solution is equal to -2 bar. Then when external pressure applied on the solution potential of solution will increase.
psi_(w) increases is the correct answer.
Option 1 is the correct answer of the following question.
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