Question

At which level of extension the aim is to provide situation specific and demand driven education and technological support to agriculture stakeholders

Answer 1

Participation & demand driven reform proposals argue the need for greater involvement by farmers & other stakeholders in development of extension program content at the local level.

Explanation:

• In order to enhance technology research by adapting to comprehensive customers needs and conditions, participatory program activities came out. Once participants are active in the evaluation and planning of programmes, efficiency is increased. The rationale for decentralizing expansion is fundamental to participation. It encourages the involvement of farmers in program growth, believing that it facilitates and uses local people and their skills to improve output. The advantages of leveraging local resources comprise capacity building, productivity and greater understanding of the local environment.
• Participatory extension decision-making was found to improve engagement with the extension systems programs. A decentralised structure can establish superior sources of communication, foster greater equity, and enhance decision-making in the management and distribution of resource.. Participatory movement mechanisms involve information-sharing, consultative, shared decision-making, joint assessment, empowering and collaborative mechanisms respectively
• Farmers may engage in "formative & summative" system evaluations during the "implementation process" & at "fixed outcome points". Farmers may assume "partial or full responsibility" for the plan at the most "participatory level" &  be responsible for its "performance & results".
• It is also important to ensure bi-way connectivity, in order to facilitate "participatory decision-making" at more strategic level, where the extension function does not just become one of "technology transfer", however, is one of making  sure efficient bidirectional information flow , so as to motivate farmers through means of information.
• The extent of farmers' involvement in participatory processes and their engagement in project knowledge exchange, communication, decision taking and action implementing are two facets of the participation.
• A consumer demand-driven framework is created. Users are accountable to service providers. Extension driven by demand includes extension customers who actively identify the services needed for advising & educating them. At the same time, demand-based services represent the advent of universalistic approaches to extension information services & break from an previous emphasis on technology transition
• Demand-based strategies aim to engage consumers in the creation of extension policies and determine the quality and functionality of extension services. That involves a host of transactions
• Relevant customer support requests are addressed by advisory services particularly when the customer has to pay for services provided. Therefore, commercial extension is largely motivated by the need for programs requiring voluntary funding of client/co-financing of facilities.
• Facilitation strategies include extension staff working closely with consumers to identify requirements and future solutions and to assist customers in carrying out identified activities. In this case, the initiative and bias of the service provider are implemented to identify information and extension requirements.
• Participatory extension approaches can be a step in the development of extension programs driven by demand. Nevertheless, the solutions to participation & demand driven extension are just approximate; their targets are not exactly the same.

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