atmospheric refraction...
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Answer:
The refraction of light by the Earth’s atmosphere is known as atmospheric refraction. The earth’s atmosphere is not evenly distributed and is optically denser at the bottom while is rarer at the top. The velocity of light changes from layer to layer. The molecules of different gases and dust particles have different optical densities. When an object transmits light rays in the atmosphere, these light rays pass through the atmosphere having different air layers of different densities and get refracted by the atmosphere.
THE TWINKLING OF STARS IS ALSO DUE TO ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION.
WHEN STARS LIGHT ENTERS INTO EARTH'S SURFACE it UNDERGOES MULTIPLE REFRACTION CONTINUOUSLY BEFORE REACHES THE EARTH THAT'S WHY THE STARS TWINKLE.
ONE IMPORTANT THING DUE TO REFRACTION THE STARS WE SEE IS APPARENT STARS(original place se thora side mein/example original star is at 5 we see at 5.5 )NOT ACTUAL POSITION STARS.
WHY REFRACTION TAKES PLACE?
refraction is happen because of refractive index every planet or body have its own refractive index due to which it refracts any substance.
I HOPE IT IS SUFFICIENT TO UNDERSTAND U PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST
THANKYOU!
♦ Atmospheric refraction
When light goes from one medium to another medium having different optical densities, then refraction of light rays (or bending of light rays) takes place. All the air in the atmosphere is not at the same temperature. Some of the air layers of the atmosphere are cold whereas other air layers of the atmosphere are comparatively warm (or hotter).
The cooler air layers of the atmosphere behave as optically denser medium for light rays whereas the warmer air layers (or hotter air layers) of the atmosphere behave as optically rarer medium for the light rays. So, in the same atmosphere we have air layers having different optical densities. And when light rays pass through the atmosphere having air layers of different optical densities, then refraction of light takes place.
The refraction of light caused by the earth’s atmosphere (having air layers of varying optical densities) is called atmospheric refraction.