Atomic packing factor does not imply on the hardness of the material. Why? Explain by taking diamond as example
Answers
The electrons are shared between the atoms in a covalent bonding to saturate the electrons available for chemical bond formation.
Covalent bonds are stereo-specific that is each bond is between a specific pair of atoms, which share a pair of electrons (of opposite magnetic spins).
Covalent bonds are very strong and directional in nature.
The hardness of diamond is a result of the fact that each carbon atom is covalently bonded with its four neighboring atoms, and each neighbor is bonded with an equal number of atoms to form a rigid three-dimensional structure.
Answer:
The diamond cubic crystal structure is a repeating pattern of 8 atoms that certain materials may adopt as they solidify. While the first known example was diamond, other elements in group 14 also adopt this structure, including α-tin, the semiconductors silicon and germanium, and silicon/germanium alloys in any proportion.
Although often called the diamond lattice, this structure is not a lattice in the technical sense of this word used in mathematics.
In a diamond, the carbon atoms are arranged tetrahedrally. Each carbon atom is attached to four other carbon atoms 1.544 x 10-10 meter away with a C-C-C bond angle of 109.5 degrees.
It is a strong, rigid three-dimensional structure that results in an infinite network of atoms. This accounts for diamond's hardness, extraordinary strength and durability and gives diamond a higher density than graphite (3.514 grams per cubic centimeter). Because of its tetrahedral structure, diamond also shows a great resistance to compression.
The hardness of a crystal is measured on a scale, devised by Friederich Mohs, which ranks compounds according to their ability to scratch one another.
Diamond will scratch all other materials and is the hardest material known (designated as 10 on the Mohs scale). It is the best conductor of heat that we know, conducting up to five times the amount that copper does.
Diamond also conducts sound, but not electricity; it is an insulator, and its electrical resistance, optical transmissivity and chemical inertness are correspondingly remarkable.
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