Question

Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon? An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron. An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron. An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron. An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Atoms of arsenic (As) are often added to silicon (Si) in a process called doping to change the conductivity of the silicon. How does the addition of arsenic change the conductivity of silicon? An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom gains an electron. An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity decreases because the arsenic atom loses the electron. An atom of arsenic has one fewer valence electron and fewer electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom gains an electron. An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.

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Explanation:

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Answer 2

The addition of Arsenic changes the conductivity of Silicon as an atom of Arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of Silicon, so the conductivity increases because the Arsenic atom loses the electron. (option d.)

• Doping is defined as the addition of impurities to intrinsic semiconductors (such as Si, Ge) to increase their conductivity.
• When an element belonging to Group 5 of the periodic table (such as Phosphorus or Arsenic) is added to a semiconductor, it increases its conductivity by forming a N-type semiconductor.
• How As increases conductivity of Si:

1. Silicon has four valence electrons and Arsenic has five valence electrons.
2. If a small amount of Arsenic is added to a pure Silicon crystal, one of the valence electrons of Arsenic becomes free to move around  as a surplus electron, as surrounding Si atom can only make 4 bonds at a time.
3. These surplus free electrons then increase conductivity of the whole Si crystal.

• Thus, it is the extra electron provided by As which contributes to the increased conductivity of the semiconductor.

Hence, the correct option is d. An atom of arsenic has one more valence electron and more electron shells than an atom of silicon, so the conductivity increases because the arsenic atom loses the electron.