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An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume.[1]: 2 [2]: 622 The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the conductor. In electric circuits the charge carriers are often electrons moving through a wire. In semiconductors they can be electrons or holes. In an electrolyte the charge carriers are ions, while in plasma, an ionized gas, they are ions and electronsrho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l. The unit of resistance is the ohm. In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, the ratio of area in square metres to length in metres simplifies to just metres. Thus, in the metre-kilogram-second system, the unit of resistivity is ohm-metre. If lengths are measured in centimetres, resistivity may be expressed in units of ohm-centimetre.rho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l. The unit of resistance is the ohm. In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, the ratio of
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
The potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is defined as the amount of work in moving a unit charge from one point to the other point.
It is expressed as:
Potential difference = Work doneQuantity of charge moved
Potential difference, V = WQ
UNIT OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
The SI unit of potential difference is volt.
The Potential difference between two points is said to be 1 volt if 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of electric charge from one point to the other.
1V = 1 J C–1
Voltmeter: The potential difference is measured by means of an instrument called voltmeter whose terminals are connected across the points or parallel to the element whose potential is to be measured.rho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l. The unit of resistance is the ohm. In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, the ratio of area in square metres to length in metres simplifies to just metres. Thus, in the metre-kilogram-second system, the unit of resistivity is ohm-metre. If lengths are measured in centimetres, resistivity may be expressed in units of ohm-centimetre.rho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l. The unit of resistance is the ohm. In the metre-kilogram-second (mks) system, the ratio of area in square metres to length in metres simplifies to just metres. Thus, in the metre-kilogram-second system, the unit of resistivity is ohm-metre. If lengths are measured in centimetres, resistivity may be expressed in units of ohm-centimetre.Let the total distance be d.
Time taken for the first half half distance is t
1
=
2v
1
d
Time taken for the second half of the distance is t
2
=
2v
2
d
Mean velocity =
total time
total distance
v
mean
=
2v
2
d
+
2v
1
d
d
v
mean
=
v
1
+v
2
2v
1
v
2
⇒
v
mean
2
=
v
1
1
+
v
2
1
Given, v
mean
=v
⇒
v
2
=
v
1
1
+
v
2
1


Electric potential and potential difference
Tutormate > CBSE Syllabus-Class 10th Physics > Electric potential and potential difference
03 Electricity

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
The electric potential (or potential) at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to that point, without any acceleration.
Electric Potential is similar to flow of water from one end of a tube connected to a tank at a higher level to another tank at the other end of the tube at a lower level.
Charge flows from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential.
For any charge, electric potential is the electric potential energy divided by the quantity of charge.
As an object is lifted against gravity, it